目的 石菖蒲挥发油无溶剂微波提取法的工艺优化及其成分分析。方法 通过L₉(3⁴) 正交试验,以α-细辛醚提取量、挥发油体积、3种细辛醚的百分比之和作为评价标准,进行综合评分,优选石菖蒲挥发油无溶剂微波提取法最佳提取工艺;采用GC-MS法对最佳工艺提取的挥发油定性分析,利用峰面积归一化法分析其主要成分,并与水蒸气蒸馏法提取的挥发油对比。结果 2种方法提取的挥发油中成分组成基本相同,石菖蒲中主要挥发性成分为α-细辛醚、β-细辛醚和γ-细辛醚,其在无溶剂微波提取法的百分比为4.12%、55.11%和10.54%,而水蒸气蒸馏提取法则分别为5.39%、47.03%和9.15%。从提取效率来看,无溶剂微波法提油0.235 mL耗时5 min,得α-细辛醚提取量为31.99 mg;水蒸气蒸馏法提油0.175 mL,需要1 h,得α-细辛醚提取量为29.09 mg。结论 无溶剂微波提取法是一种新的挥发油提取方法,可以缩短提取时间,增加提取效率。

Objective To study the solvent-free microwave extraction for oils of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and analyze the volatile components. Methods The paper selected the best technological conditions by L₉(3⁴) orthogonal test, with the index of α-asarone, volume of volatile oils, and sum of the percentage, The essential oils in Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma were analyzed with GC-MS. Results The percentage of volatile oils was calculated according to peak area normalization method. The results showed similar amount of volatile oil components by two methods, and the extraction rates of α-asarone, β-asarone, and γ-asarone accounted for 4.12%, 55.11%, and 10.54% on the method of solvent-free microwave extraction, while the steam distillation was 5.39%, 47.03%, and 9.15%. To compare with two methods, solvent-free microwave extraction extracted volatile oil 0.235 mL and α-asarone 31.99 mg for 5 min, while steam distillation extracted volatile oil 0.175 mL and α-asarone 29.09 mg for 1 h. The method of solvent-free microwave extraction had the advantage of short reaction time and high yields. Conclusion Solvent-free microwave extraction is a new method with shorter extracting time and better extracting efficiency.

中国中医科学院自主选题(Z02063);北京市共建项目专项资助