目的 研究泽泻Alisma orientalis根茎具降糖活性的提取物的化学成分。方法 通过用泽泻水、醇提物干预高脂饮食诱导的小鼠胰岛素抵抗模型,从整体上观察泽泻提取物对小鼠糖耐量的影响,然后采用硅胶、ODS、制备液相等分离方法对具有降糖活性的醇提物进行分离,通过核磁共振和质谱等波谱数据鉴定化合物结构。结果 对于高脂饲喂小鼠胰岛素抵抗模型,泽泻水、醇提物均可改善糖耐量。进一步从泽泻醇提物中分离得到16个化合物,分别鉴定为谷甾醇(1)、棕榈酸(2)、十七烷酸(3)、二十烷酸(4)、11-去氧泽泻醇B(5)、23-乙酰泽泻醇B(6)、23-乙酰泽泻醇C(7)、泽泻醇B(8)、24-乙酰泽泻醇A(9)、泽泻醇G(10)、24-乙酰泽泻醇F(11)、泽泻醇L(12)、泽泻醇C(13)、泽泻醇F(14)、泽泻醇A(15)、16-羰基-24-乙酰泽泻醇A(16);其中9种三萜类成分具有促进HepG2细胞葡萄糖摄取活性。结论 化合物3、4为首次从泽泻中分离得到,泽泻水、醇提物均可改善高脂诱导小鼠胰岛素抵抗,泽泻三萜类成分可能是其降糖药效物质基础之一。

Objective To study the chemical constituents in Alisma orientalis extracts with hypoglycemic effect. Methods To study the in vivo hypoglycemic effects of A. orientalis extracts, high fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance male C57BL/6J mice were treated with water and ethanol extracts of A. orientalis in diet, and glucose tolerance test was carried out following the intervention. Silica gel, ODS, and preparative HPLC were used to isolate the compounds. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR and MS spectral data. Results Sixteen compounds were identified as sitosterol (1), palmitic acid (2), heptadecanoic acid (3), eicosanoic acid (4), 11-deoxy-alisol B (5), 23-acetate alisol B (6), 23-acetate alisol C (7), alisol B (8), 24-acetate alisol A (9), alisol G (10), 24-acetate alisol F (11), alisol L (12), alisol C (13), alisol F (14), alisol A (15), and 16-oxo-24-acetate alisol A (16), and nine of the triterpenes could improve glucose uptake in HepG2 cells. Conclusion Compounds 3 and 4 are isolated from A. orientalis for the first time. The water and ethanol extracts of A. orientalis could improve glucose tolerance test. Triterpenes may be one of the therapeutic material basis in hypoglycemic activities in A. orientalis.

国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1205022);国家“十二五”科技支撑计划(2011BAI01B06);福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2014J01352);福建省卫生厅青年科研资助课题(2013-2-55);校管课题(X2012023);福建省大学生创新创业大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201310393016)