药用植物是人类生存和发展的重要资源。内生放线菌广泛存在于药用植物组织中，具有丰富的物种多样性，是植物微生态系统的重要组成部分。一些内生放线菌可产生和宿主植物相同或相似的天然活性物质。因此，利用内生放线菌生产抗菌、抗肿瘤等天然活性物质，不仅为新药的研发提供了新的途径，还能有效保护珍稀、濒危药用植物资源，具有重要的生态学意义和经济价值。总结了近年来药用植物内生放线菌的多样性、天然活性物质生物合成相关基因和天然活性物质多样性等方面的研究进展，以期为药用植物内生放线菌的研究提供参考。

Medicinal plants are important bio-resources for human existence and development. Endophytic actinobacteria with rich biodiversity, widely existing inside the tissues of medicinal plants, are important components of plant micro-ecosystems, and some can produce same or similar bioactive substances generated by their host plants. Therefore, utilizing endophytic actinobacteria to produce bioactive substances with antimicrobial and antitumor effects can not only provide a new way for the development of new drugs, but also effectively protect the endangered medicinal plant resources. Furthermore, this process has important ecological significance and economic value. In this review, research advances on the diversity of endophytic actinobacteria, genes related to natural product biosynthesis, and diversity of their natural bioactive substances are summarized, and a reference for the research of endophytic actinobacteria from the medicinal plants is provided.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（U0932601，21062028）；云南大学校基金（2010ZD001）