目的 探明川楝Melia toosendan内生真菌遗传、聚酮合成酶基因（PKS）、非核糖体多肽合成酶基因（NRPS）多样性，为寻找合成生物活性物质的潜在菌株奠定基础。方法 对分离自药用植物川楝的39株内生真菌进行形态学鉴定，并通过PCR技术扩增其ITS序列、PKS基因和NRPS基因，测序后进行BLAST比较和系统发育分析。结果 39株菌株的表型鉴定和系统发育显示，川楝内生真菌分属于青霉属、曲霉属、木霉属等25个属，其中曲霉属（17.9%）、青霉属（15.4%）为川楝内生真菌的优势真菌类群；共得到12个PKS基因和6个NRPS基因，其中NRPS基因都为青霉属。结论 川楝内生真菌具有非常丰富的遗传多样性和较强合成生物活性物质的潜在能力，对青霉属和曲霉属内生真菌可以进行深入研究。

Objective To explore the inheritance in endophytic fungi from Melia toosendan and the diversity of the genes of PKS and NRPS and to lay the foundation of looking for the synthesis of the potential strains of bioactive substances. Methods To identify the morphology of 39 strains of endophytic fungi separated from the medicinal plant M. toosendan; The ITS sequences and the genes of PKS and NRPS were obtained using PCR method, compared by BLAST and analyzed by phylogenesis after sequencing. Results The morphological identification and phylogenetic analysis on 39 strains showed that all strains of endophytic fungi from M. toosendan belonged to 25 categories, mainly Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Trichoderma. The dominant fungus species were Aspergillus (17.9%), and Penicillium (15.4%). PKS (12) and NRPS (6) genes were detected in this study, All NRPS genes were Penicillium. Conclusion The endophytic fungi of M. toosendan have a rich genetic diversity and strong potential of synthesis of bioactive substances. Further research on Penicillium and Aspergillus should be carried out.

国家“863”计划资助项目（2013AA102802-05）