目的 从DNA水平对老鹳草种质进行遗传多样性分析，并建立老鹳草稳定的ISSR-PCR反应体系。方法 采用正交试验设计及单因素梯度优化相结合的方法确定老鹳草ISSR-PCR反应体系，对我国20个主要分布区的老鹳草进行ISSR-PCR扩增与检测，扩增结果转化为“0”、“1”矩阵后，利用Popgene32及Ntsyspc-2.1软件对数据进行处理计算遗传距离，并采用UPGMA聚类法构建亲缘关系树状图。结果 15条引物共得到207条清晰可辨的扩增条带，其中有197条呈现多态性，占94.6%，遗传距离变化范围在0.201 8～0.939 4。20份样品分为2大类，聚类较为复杂，大多种质遗传多样性与地理位置及生态环境具有一定的关系。结论 我国老鹳草植物的遗传多样性十分丰富，为筛选优质种质奠定了遗传基础。

Objective To analyze the genetic diversity of Geranium wilfordii from different habitats at DNA molecular level and to establish the ISSR-PCR system of G. wilfordii. Methods Using orthogonal design test combined with the single factor gradient optimization method, the geranium ISSR-PCR system of G. wilfordii was determined. G. wilfordii from 20 germplasmic resources was amplified and analyzed by ISSR-PCR. After translating the amplification results into “0” and “1” matrix, the genetic distances were calculated by Popgene32 and Ntsyspc-2.1 software and the systematic diagram of genetic relationship was clustered by UPGMA method. Results A total of 207 bands were detected using 15 primers, among which 197 (94.6%) were polymorphic bands. The genetic distances were changed from 0.201 8 to 0.939 4. The genetic relationship of G. wilfordii was more complex. The 20 samples were divided into two kinds, and the correlation between the most germplasm and its geographic origin had a certain relationship. Conclusion The significant polymorphism and genetic diversity are observed among G. wilfordii germplasm resources which could provide a wealth of genetic basis for the germplasm high quality.

辽宁省教育厅资助项目（2009A498）；杏林青蓝工程杰出人才基金（115065）