目的 通过测定半夏及近缘种的DNA叶绿体的非编码区序列，为半夏的分子鉴别和遗传多样性研究提供依据。方法 在我国半夏主要分布区收集到43份半夏及滴水珠和虎掌半夏2个近缘种，采用PCR法克隆叶片基因组DNA中psbK-psbI和atpF-atpH两段序列，借助生物信息学软件进行比对分析。结果 半夏atpF-atpH序列长为337～342 bp，较为保守，仅含变异位点7个，其中信息位点1个，遗传距离为0～0.024。半夏psbK-psbI序列长为432～435 bp，变异位点37个，其中信息位点17个，遗传距离为0～0.069。聚类分析结果均显示出与表型以及地理居群的不一致。结论 psbK-psbI序列较atpF-atpH有更好的鉴别能力，在半夏种内具有较丰富的变异位点。

Objective To provide the evidence for the identification and genetic diversity of Pinellia ternata by studying cpDNA non-coding sequences of P. ternata and its related species. Methods Besides P. cordate and P. pedatisecta, 43 P. ternata samples were collected from the main habitats in China. psbK-psbI and atpF-atpH sequences in leaf genome DNA were cloned by PCR. Comparative analysis was carried out by bioinformatics software. Results The sequence length of atpF-atpH in P. ternata was 337—342 bp and conservative. The numbers of variable sites and parsimony information sites were only 7 and 1, respectively. The genetic distance was 0—0.024. The length of psbK-psbI was 432—435 bp, with 37 variable sites, including 17 information sites, and the genetic distance was 0—0.069. Cluster analysis was not consistent with the phenotype or the geographical distributions. Conclusion The discrimination of psbK-psbI is better than that of atpF-atpH, and there are more mutation sites in psbK-psbI sequence among species in P. ternata.

国家科技支撑计划项目（2009BAI74B01-01-04）；华侨大学基本科研业务费专项基金资助项目（JB-ZR1115）