目的 从毛冬青根中分离、鉴定毛冬青皂苷B₃，研究其抗血栓作用。方法 色谱法、重结晶法分离、精制毛冬青皂苷B₃，薄层色谱对照及波谱分析法对毛冬青皂苷B₃进行结构鉴定。采用体内血栓形成试验、体外血凝块溶解试验及二磷酸腺苷（ADP）诱导血小板聚集试验，观察毛冬青皂苷B₃的抗血栓作用。结果 体内抗血栓试验显示，毛冬青皂苷B₃对胶原蛋白-肾上腺素诱发的血栓形成所致小鼠的偏瘫和死亡及FeCl₃诱导的大鼠腹主动脉血栓形成均有明显的抑制作用；在体外实验中，对家兔血凝块无明显的溶解作用，对ADP诱导的离体家兔血小板聚集也无明显的抑制作用。结论 毛冬青皂苷B₃可能为毛冬青抗血栓作用的物质基础之一，其体内抗血栓形成的作用可能与其促进血凝块溶解和抗ADP诱导的血小板聚集无关。

Objective To separate and prepare ilexsaponin B₃ (IB₃) from the roots of Ilex pubescens, and to study its antithrombotic activity. Methods Chromatography and recrystallization were used in the separation and purification of IB₃, and the structure was identified by PTLC and ¹H-NMR. Antithrombotic activity of IB₃ was observed by in vivo thrombosis test, solubility test of blood clot in vitro, and platelet aggregation in rabbits induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Results IB₃ had significant inhibition on thrombosis-caused hemiplegia and death induced by collagen-epinephrine in mice, and on abdominal arterial thrombotic model induced by FeCl₃ in rats. IB₃ neither had dissolution solubility experiment of blood clot in rabbits nor had inhibition on platelet aggregation in rabbits induced by ADP. Conclusion IB₃ may be one of the ilexolic material bases for the antithrombotic activity, but it may have no correlation with increasing thrombolysis and platelet aggregation induced by ADP.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（30901954）；广东省自然科学基金资助项目（9451040701003203）；高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金（20094425110008）；广州中医药大学创新基金（09CX015）；广州市珠江科技新星专项（2011J2200047）