目的研究叶面喷施不同质量浓度锌对半夏叶片碳氮代谢及产量的影响,找出适宜半夏的锌肥施用浓度,为半夏的合理施肥及优质高产提供参考依据。方法半夏全苗期叶面喷施不同质量浓度的锌肥,10 d后测定叶片碳氮代谢相关生理生化指标,倒苗后统计产量。结果半夏产量与叶片碳代谢指标可溶性糖和淀粉量达极显著正相关,与光合色素量和醛缩酶活性显著正相关,与淀粉酶活性负相关;半夏产量与叶片氮代谢指标硝酸还原酶活性达极显著正相关,与可溶性蛋白量显著正相关。全苗期叶面喷施硫酸锌增加了半夏叶片光合色素的量、增强了叶片光合能力;同时,提高了醛缩酶活性,降低了淀粉酶活性,促使半夏叶片可溶性糖和淀粉的积累;此外,全苗期叶面喷施硫酸锌还提高了叶片硝酸还原酶的活性和可溶性蛋白的量,最终表现为半夏产量的提高。结论在半夏生产中以全苗期叶面喷施600 mg/L ZnSO4.7H2O为佳。

Objective To find out the proper concentration of ZnSO4·7H2O as foliar fertilizer used for Pinellia ternata, and to provide reference for high yield of P.ternate,effects of zinc on the carbon and nitrogen metabolism in leaves of P.ternata and the yield were studied.Methods Seedlings of P.ternata were employed as the experiment material.At the stage of full seedling,ZnSO4·7H2O of different concentration was sprayed on the leaves,the indexes of carbon and nitrogen metabolism were determined on the day 10,the weight of tubers and bulbils were measured at the sprout tumble stage.Results The yield of P.ternata has an exceedingly significant positive correlation with the contents of soluble sucrose and starch in the leaves,a significant positive correlation with the content of photosynthetic pigment and the aldolase activity,and a negative correlation with the amylase activity.In addition,the yield shows both an exceedingly significant positive correlation whith the nitrate reductase activity and a significant positive correlation with the content of protein.At the stage of full seedling,zinc sprayed on leaves can increase the content of photosynthetic pigment and improve the capability of photosynthesis.Meanwhile,spraying zinc can also promote the accumulation of soluble sucrose and starch in the leaves because of its stimulation on aldolase and inhibition on amylase.Besides,spraying zinc on leaves could improve the activity of nitrate reductase and the content of protein,and finally increase the yield of P.ternata.Conclusion The concentration of 600 mg/L is the best for ZnSO4·7H2O used as foliar fertilizer for P.ternate at the stage of full seedling.

江苏省科技厅农业高技术研究(Q200754)