目的通过分析北京西部山区黄芩主要有效成分在海拔梯度上的变化规律,揭示生态因子对黄芩有效成分量的影响。方法于2007年8~9月在北京西部山地采集了800~1 800 m 8个海拔上85株黄芩样本,经HPLC分析得到黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩素以及千层纸素A的量;同时,实验测定了垂直梯度上各采样地的土壤养分指标,并获取了各样地相应的气候条件。结果只有黄芩苷和汉黄芩苷的量与海拔呈极显著正相关;垂直梯度上土壤养分对黄芩主要有效成分的量影响不明显,决定山地所生长黄芩质量的主要因素不是土壤养分,而是气候条件;黄芩生境的年均温和年均降水量与黄芩的黄芩苷及汉黄芩苷的量呈极显著负相关,年均太阳辐射量与这两种成分呈极显著正相关。结论年均温在2~6℃的生境,有利于提高黄芩有效成分的量,年均温在3~4℃的生境,生长的黄芩质量很有可能达到最佳,与黄芩的传统道地产区吻合。

Objective To reveal the influence of environmental factors on the active components in Scutellaria baicalensis through analyzing the data sampled from the herbal plants along the altitudinal gradient in mountainous region of Western Beijing.Methods In total 85 individuals of S.baicalensis herbs were collected and the surface soils under each of the plant were also sampled from eight different habitats,with an interval of about 100—150 m vertically ranging from 800 to 1 800 m in August through September,2007.The contents of active components in the herbal samples,namely baicalin,wogonoside,baicalein,wogonin,and oroxylin A were determined by HPLC.The organic matter and the total nitrogen contents in the soil samples were analyzed through standard measurement process.The various habitat conditions represented by temperature were estimated through a vertical lapse rate of-0.56 ℃/100 m,and those by precipitation and solar radiation calculated according to the isoline maps.Results The signi-ficant positive correlations were observed only between the contents of baicalin,wogonoside and the elevation.Both those two contents showed the significant negative correlations with the annual mean temperature and precipitation,while showed positive with annual mean solar radiation.No coorelation with any statistical significance was observed between the contents of active components in S.baicalensis and the soil parameters in this study.Conclusion It seems that the plants of S.baicalensis growing in a habitat with annual mean temperature within a range of 2—6 ℃ could concentrate relatively rich contents of active components.Within the natural distribution areas of S.baicalensis,the habitats with an annual tem-perature averaged at 3—4 ℃ tend to be the most fitting sites for growing best quality S.baicalensis rich in active components,and those sites are almost coincident with the environment for trueborn production area of traditional S.baicalensis herbs.

国家科技支撑课题(2006BAI09B02-5);国家自然科学基金项目(40571001)