目的为黄芪种子鉴定提供方法,为按中药材GAP原则制定相关标准操作过程(SOP)提供基础研究资料.方法采用肉眼直接观察、光学显微镜观察和电子显微镜进行扫描观察,比较蒙古黄芪和膜荚黄芪两种药用黄芪的种子形态特征和微观结构;通过萌发试验,比较二者的差异.结果通过肉眼和光学显微镜观察,两种黄芪种子的形态差异不明显,在电子显微镜下观察,两种黄芪种子的萌发孔形状、种脐和种皮的微观结构有明显差异;蒙古黄芪较膜荚黄芪种子硬实率高,萌发不整齐,萌发高峰滞后.结论在电子显微镜下能够对两种黄芪种子准确地做出鉴定,种脐、萌发孔、种皮的微观结构可作为鉴别两种黄芪种子的指标;种子硬实率和萌发动态规律可用于两种黄芪种子的辅助鉴别.

Objective To provide a method for identifying the seeds ofAstragalus membranaceusvar.mongholicus(AMM)and A. membranaceus(AM)and to provide basic research data for establishing relevant Standard Operating Practice(SOP)in accordance with GAP of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.Methods The seed morphologic characteristics and microcosmic structures were observed by eyes,light microscopes,and electron microscoPes;the seed germination rates of AMM and AM were also ornpared.Results There was no obvious discrimination of the seed 1Jhorphology between AMM and AM.There was obvious discrimination on the charac-teristic of germination-hole,the microcosmic structures of seed-umbilici and seed-coats of seeds between AMM and AM.The hard seed percentage for AMM was higher than that of AM,and its sprouting was not even and sprouting peak appeared later than that of AM. Conclusion The seeds of AMM and AM can be identified accuratly with electron microscopes.The patterns of germinationhole. microcosmic structures of seed-umbilici and seed-coats can be used as indices to identify the seeds of AMM and AM.The hard seed percentage and germination characteristics can be used to identify the seeds of AMM and AM subsidiarily.