目的研究微波辅助溶剂萃取对植物微观结构的破坏，并探讨微波辅助提取的机制。方法以新鲜银杏叶片为原料，借助透射电子显微镜，观察细胞结构。结果在微波、溶剂或热的作用下，植物细胞的结构都会发生较为明显的变化，主要表现在有质壁分离现象，细胞器、淀粉粒等胞内物质被破坏。但微波辅助溶剂提取和传统的热提取都没有使细胞壁破裂。结论微波的作用会导致银杏叶细胞结构的松散，但不足以使细胞壁破裂。

Object To study the ultrastructure destruction of plants in the process of microwave assisted solvent extracion and its mechanism.Methods Cell structures of fresh leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. were observed by transmission electron microscpoe.Results The cell structure changed when the leaves were under microwave radiation or soaked by solvents or heated, such as plasmoysis, destruction of cell organellaes, disappearance of starch grain and so on, while the cell wall was not broken both in microwave assisted solvent extraction and in traditional heating extraction.Conclusion Microwave radiation could lead to the relaxation of the cell structures, but not be enough to make the cell wall broken.

国家自然科学基金资助项目(20006003);化学工程联合国家重点实验室资助项目(99-03)