目的 比较分析广西、贵州、云南三省区的铁皮石斛主要居群形态结构的差异。方法 运用光镜对铁皮石斛茎进行比较解剖。结果 将采集到的我国铁皮石斛主产区的主要居群分为二种类型：F型和H型。F型植株的茎相对短而柔软，具粘性，适宜加工成铁皮枫斗；其中广西西林居群和云南广南居群茎的表皮具较丰富的蜡质，不具下皮层，横切面上维管束密度小，维管束内外侧纤维群不发达，茎尤为柔软，是加工铁皮枫斗的优质居群。H型植株的茎较长、质地较硬、粘性差，不适宜加工成铁皮枫斗。结论 F型和H型居群铁皮石斛茎的形态结构具有明显差异，弄清铁皮石斛居群差异对指导铁皮石斛的采收、加工以及大面积人工繁殖具有重要意义。

Object To study the different morphological stucture of Dendrobiun of ficinale Kimura et Migo collected from different habitats in Guangxi, Yunnan, and Guizhou provinces. Methods The stems of D.officinale were studied by phytotomy under optical microscope. Results The main population of D.officinale obtained from different habitats can be differentiated into two different types: the F-type with sticky, flexible stems can be processed into“ Tiepi Fengdou” , while the H-type with a more rigid stem is not suitable for such processing. Conclusion The morphology of F-and H-type D.officinale are significantly different which provide a valuable reference during harvesting, processing and extensive cultivation of the herbal drug.