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[摘要]
目的:研究苍术的道地性,为质量标准提供依据。方法:对不同产地的样品进行挥发油的gC/MS分析和抗菌实验。结果:同一苍术居群、甚至同一植株的叶形和分裂与否及深浅、头状花序大小等表现出多变;不同产地(居群)苍术根茎中挥发油组分相差较大;北苍术挥发油的主成分为 β-桉叶油醇或 β-桉叶油醇和苍术酮的混合物(30%以上);南苍术挥发油的主成分为茅术醇(61.86 %)、β-桉叶油醇(19.79%);发现苍术酮为茅苍术中主要成分(29.54%)。太白、黄龙、罗田苍术挥发油对乙链球菌的最小抑制浓度(MIC)几乎是围场、茅山的1000倍,与链霉素、青霉素相当。结论:苍术 Atractylodes lancea(Thunb.)DC.是一个受地理环境影响很大的复合体,划分独立的特征变化很大,很难在实际工作中采用,故建议以道地名称命名异域变种以便于有针对性地选用;挥发油成分和抗菌作用均因产地不同而有显著的差别。
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[Abstract]
Thegeo herbalism of Cangzhu, Atractylodes lancea(Thunb)DC, was studied for its strict quality control Samples of typical and representative populations ofgeo herbal andnongeo herbal origin were collected, examined and cultivated through field work Volatile oils from samples of various habitats were determined bygC/MS, and their respective bacteriostatic minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)determined Results of the study showed that both the size of capitulum and cleft on the leaves variedgreatly even in species of the same population The main components in their volatile oil also variedgreatly with Maocangzhu(MCZ)contains atractylone(2954%)and atractylodin(1782%); that ofnancangzhu(NCZ)contains hinesol(6186%)and β eudesmol(1979%), and Baicangzhu(BCZ)cantains β eudesmol or mixture of β eudesmol and atractylone(over30%)Volatile oils of speciaes from Luotina, Taibai, and Huanglong showed potent bacteriostatic activity against Streptococcus hemolyticus(SH), comparable to penicillin or streptomycin In conclusion, A lancea is a polymorphic complexgreatly influenced bygeographic environment and a reasonable proposal is toname them bygeo herbalnames such as: MCZ as A lancea var maoshanensis Hu et Feng;nCZ as A lancea subsp luotianensis Hu et Feng; and BCZ as A. lancea var. chinensis(Bunge)Kitam other than independent species as A chinensis Bunge It was incorrect to say that MCZ hasno atractylone in its volatile oil and therefore differs from A macrocephala Koidz(Baizhu)Inhibitory activity of the volatile oils against SH and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA)are also quite different due to the habitats and imply that the rhizome from Luotian may be used to cure infection diseases caused by SH and PA besides their traditional uses.
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[基金项目]
国家自然科学基金重点课题no.39730500