近来的研究表明免疫细胞在帕金森病（PD）的发病机制中起着重要作用。在PD等神经退行性疾病中，中枢神经系统受到损伤时，会导致血脑屏障通透性增加，使得各类外周适应性和固有免疫细胞浸润中枢，进入脑内的免疫细胞可能促进神经炎症反应和神经元损伤，但也可表现出神经保护作用。总结中枢浸润的免疫细胞，如中性粒细胞、单核巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、自然杀伤细胞（NK）、肥大细胞、T淋巴细胞（CD4⁺T细胞、CD8⁺T细胞）、B淋巴细胞在PD发生发展中的作用，分析其通过复杂的免疫调节机制影响神经炎症反应和神经元的存活与死亡，期望为新的治疗策略和药物开发提供参考和方向。

Recent studies have demonstrated that immune cells play significant roles in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). In neurodegenerative disorders such as PD, damage to the central nervous system leads to increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier, enabling various peripheral adaptive and innate immune cells to infiltrate the central nervous system. These infiltrating immune cells may promote neuroinflammatory responses and neuronal damage, while also potentially exhibiting neuroprotective effects. This review summarizes the roles of centrally infiltrating immune cells - including neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells, mast cells, T lymphocytes (CD4⁺ T cells, CD8⁺ T cells), and B lymphocytes - in the progression of PD. It analyzes how these cells influence neuroinflammatory responses and neuronal survival through complex immunomodulatory mechanisms, aiming to provide references and directions for developing novel therapeutic strategies and pharmacological interventions.

R971

国家自然科学基金资助项目（82274135）;天津中医药大学大学生科技创新基金项目（202310063036）