咳嗽为呼吸道感染后常见的症状之一，因其在临床长期存在，且反复难治，严重影响了患者的生活质量。感染后咳嗽（PIC）是指上呼吸道感染后，急性期症状消失，咳嗽仍然迁延不愈，其临床表现为持续3～8周的刺激性干咳或伴有少量白色黏液痰。近年来，随着新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）、流感病毒、支原体等引发的上呼吸道感染疾病呈流行趋势，感染后咳嗽（PIC）的发病率呈逐年上升态势，如何高效治疗PIC成为一大难题。中药具有多途径、多靶点的生物活性，在PIC治疗方面有不良反应少、用药灵活性高、患者依从性好等独特的优势。但目前，PIC发生发展的具体机制尚未完全阐明，中药治疗PIC的相关机制也是近年来的研究热点，目前比较明确的机制包括抑制气道炎症、抑制神经源性炎症、抑制花生四烯酸代谢、抑制咳嗽传导等。对PIC的发生发展机制及中药治疗PIC的机制研究进展进行综述，以期为寻找开发PIC的高效治疗中药提供理论依据。

Cough is one of the common symptoms after respiratory tract infection, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients because of its long-term clinical presence and repeated intractability. Post-infectious cough (PIC) refers to an upper respiratory tract infection in which the symptoms of the acute phase disappear and the cough remains prolonged, and its clinical manifestation is an irritating dry cough or accompanied by a small amount of white mucus sputum that lasts for three to eight weeks. In recent years, with the epidemic trend of upper respiratory tract infections caused by novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), influenza virus, mycoplasma, etc., the incidence of PIC has been on the rise year by year, and how to treat PIC efficiently has become a major problem. Traditional Chinese medicine, with its multi-pathway and multi-target biological activity, has unique advantages in PIC treatment, such as fewer adverse reactions, higher flexibility in medication administration, and better patient compliance. However, the specific mechanism of PIC development has not yet been fully elucidated, and the mechanisms related to the treatment of PIC by traditional Chinese medicine have also been a research hotspot in recent years, and the mechanisms that have been clarified so far include the inhibition of airway inflammation, inhibition of neurogenic inflammation, inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism, and the inhibition of cough conduction. The research progress on the development mechanism of PIC and the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of PIC is summarized in order to provide a theoretical basis for finding and developing highly effective therapeutic traditional Chinese medicines for PIC.

R285.5

国家自然科学基金重点项目（U21A20406）