目的 研究牛肺泡表面活性剂联合大剂量氨溴索治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭的疗效。方法 选择2014年1月-2017年12月福建省莆田学院附属邵武市立医院收治的80例呼吸衰竭新生儿，随机分为两组。对照组单纯给予大剂量（每次7.5 mg，每天4次）的氨溴索，观察组在对照组基础上给予牛肺泡表面活性剂。比较两组的发绀消失时间、呻吟消失时间、住院时间、气促消失时间和血气指标。结果 观察组有效率为80.00%，明显高于对照组的62.50%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与对照组比较，观察组的发绀消失时间、呻吟消失时间、住院时间和气促消失时间均明显缩短，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组治疗后的血气指标（SpO₂、血pCO₂、pH及血pO₂）均明显改善，同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；且观察组更为明显，组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组的分泌物阻塞鼻腔、感染和支气管肺发育不全发生率明显低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 牛肺泡表面活性剂联合大剂量氨溴索方案治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭的疗效明显优于单用氨溴索，且安全性较佳。

Objective To investigate the efficacy of high-dose ambroxol combined with bovine alveolar surfactant in the treatment of neonatal respiratory failure.Methods Selected 80 cases of patients with neonatal respiratory failure who were treated in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2017,divided into two groups randomly.The control group was given high-dose ambroxol alone,while the observation group was given bovine alveolar surfactant.The cyanosis disappeared time,moaning disappeared time,hospitalization time,dyspnea disappearance time and blood gas index were compared between the two groups.Results After treatment,the effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than control group (P< 0.05).The cyanosis disappeared time,moaning disappeared time,hospitalization time and dyspnea disappearance time in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P< 0.05).The blood gas index (SpO₂,blood PaCO₂,pH and blood PaO₂) of the two groups were significantly improved improved after treatment (P< 0.05),and the observation group was more obvious (P< 0.05).The incidence of nasal obstruction,infection and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P< 0.05).Conclusion The efficacy of high-dose ambroxol combined with bovine alveolar surfactant in the treatment of neonatal respiratory failure is significantly better than that of ambroxol alone,and the safety is better.