神经退行性疾病（NDDs）是一类以中枢神经系统（CNS）或周围神经系统（PNS）神经元进行性丢失为特征的疾病，其核心病理机制是神经网络结构和功能的逐步崩溃，以及神经元的不可逆性丢失。阿尔茨海默病（AD）是慢性NDDs的一种且最常见的类型，其病理机制复杂，涉及β-淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）积聚、Tau蛋白异常磷酸化、神经炎症、氧化应激及突触功能障碍等多重因素。神经炎症在AD中扮演关键角色，早期发挥保护作用，但随着疾病进展，慢性炎症释放大量促炎因子和活性氧（ROS），加剧神经元损伤和认知功能下降。陈皮及其活性成分（如橙皮苷、川陈皮素、橘皮素）通过靶向核因子-κB（NF-κB）、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B信号通路（PI3K/Akt）等炎症相关通路，展现出多靶点、多途径的抗炎作用，为AD的防治提供了新的理论依据和潜在策略。对AD的病理生物学与神经炎症机制进行综述，并探讨陈皮活性成分在防治AD中的应用前景，为开发以陈皮为基础的药物或药食同源产品提供重要参考。

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are a class of diseases characterized by progressive loss of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) or peripheral nervous system (PNS). The core pathological mechanism involves the gradual collapse of neural network structure and function, along with the irreversible loss of neurons. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common types of chronic NDDs. Its pathological mechanism is complex, involving multiple factors, including Aβ accumulation, abnormal phosphorylation of Tau protein, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and synaptic dysfunction. Neuroinflammation is a key feature in AD and serves a protective function in the early stages. However, as the disease progresses, chronic inflammation releases a large number of pro-inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species (ROS), aggravating neuronal damage and cognitive decline. Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) and its active components, such as hesperidin, nobiletin, and tangeretin, exhibit multi-target and multichannel anti-inflammatory effects through modulation of NF-κB, MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and other inflammation-related pathways. This provides a new theoretical basis and potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of AD. This paper reviews the pathobiology and neuroinflammatory mechanisms of AD and discusses the potential application of CRP's active components in its prevention and treatment. These insights provide an important reference for the development of CRP-based drugs or medicinal and edible products.

R285.5

中央本级重大增减支项目“名贵中药资源可持续利用能力建设项目”（2060302）；云浮市2021年中医药（南药）产业人才项目-南药资源创新团队