目的 基于转录组学探讨含胎牛血清（FBS）培养基、无血清培养基（SFM）培养给间充质干细胞（MSCs）生物学活性带来的差异。方法 从3例产妇脐带制备人脐带MSCs并进行表面标志物及三系分化鉴定；用含10% FBS的DMEM/F-12完全培养基及SFM连续培养MSCs，取P4代用转录组测序，开展全局转录组谱分析，进行细胞的基因表达差异分析，使用DAVID对差异表达的基因进行基因本体（GO）功能富集分析；使用R包clusterProfiler的GSEA函数进行基因集富集分析以探索通路的功能变化。提取3个批次的FBS组、SFM组的P4代MSCs mRNA，¹²⁵IPCR（qRT-PCR）法对转录组学的差异基因进行验证。结果 制备的MSCs经鉴定均符合要求；转录组测序分析结果显示，不同培养条件显著改变MSCs转录组情况，FBS组高表达的代表性基因有趋化因子介导蛋白1（CXCL1）、白细胞介素1β（IL1B）、G蛋白耦联受体家族C5组成员A（GPRC5A）、CUB结构域含量蛋白1（CDCP1）、缓激肽B1受体（BDKRB1），SFM组高表达的代表性基因有24-脱氢胆固醇还原酶（DHCR²4）、N-乙酰谷氨酸合成酶（NAGS）、早幼粒细胞白血病锌指蛋白（ZBTB16）、跨膜蛋白119（TMEM119）。SFM培养的MSCs高表达的基因显著富集在DNA复制、细胞增殖和代谢相关的生物过程，而传统血清培养的MSCs高表达的基因显著富集在细胞外基质矩阵、对细胞因子刺激的反应、对炎症反应及信号传导等具有生物功能性的生物过程。差异基因的qRT-PCR检测结果与转录组分析结果一致。结论 MSCs的基因表达会因培养基是否含血清而变化，尽管SFM培养的MSCs展现了更强的增殖能力，但FBS培养基培养的MSCs更具有生物功能性。

Objective To explore the differences in the biological activity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured in fetal bovine serum (FBS)-containing medium and serum-free medium (SFM) based on transcriptomics. Methods MSCs were isolated from the umbilical cords of three patients and identified by surface markers and tri-lineage differentiation. MSCs were continuously cultured in DMEM/F-12 complete medium containing 10% FBS and SFM. The fourth passage (P4) cells were subjected to transcriptome sequencing for global transcriptome profiling and differential gene expression analysis. DAVID was used for Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed using the clusterProfiler R package to explore functional changes in pathways. The mRNA of P4 MSCs from three batches of FBS and SFM groups was extracted, and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the differentially expressed genes identified by transcriptomics. Results The isolated MSCs met the requirements after identification. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that different culture conditions significantly altered the transcriptome of MSCs. Representative genes highly expressed in the FBS group included chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), interleukin 1β (IL1B), G protein-coupled receptor family C group 5 member A (GPRC5A), CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1), and bradykinin B1 receptor (BDKRB1). Representative genes highly expressed in the SFM group included 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR24), N-acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS), promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (ZBTB16), and transmembrane protein 119 (TMEM119). Genes highly expressed in SFM-cultured MSCs were significantly enriched in biological processes related to DNA replication, cell proliferation, and metabolism, while genes highly expressed in FBS-cultured MSCs were significantly enriched in biological processes with biological functions such as extracellular matrix organization, response to cytokine stimulation, and inflammatory response and signal transduction. The qRT-PCR results of the differentially expressed genes were consistent with the transcriptome analysis results. Conclusion Analysis of transcriptome sequencing data showed that the gene expression of MSCs varied according to the medium. Although MSCs cultured in SFM showed stronger proliferation ability, MSCs cultured in FBS medium were more biologically functional.

R965

天津市科技计划项目细胞制品的成药性及转化研究项目（23ZGCXQY00050）；天津市科技计划项目细胞和基因治疗产品概念验证平台建设项目（24ZYCGCG00600）