目的 制备并表征黄芪多糖-皂苷纳米聚集体（APS-AST-NPs），探究其对心肾共损伤模型小鼠的保护作用。方法 采用37℃恒温水浴制备APS-AST-NPs，通过粒径、紫外-可见光谱（UV-Vis）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）进行理化表征；采用高效液相-质谱（HPLC-MS）联用技术鉴定皂苷类成分，通过酸水解结合1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮（PMP）柱前衍生化，利用HPLC分析多糖单糖组成。通过心肾共损伤模型小鼠干预实验进行药效评价：采用ELISA法检测血清氨基末端脑钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）、胱抑素C (Cys-C)、血清尿素氮（BUN）及微量白蛋白（m ALB）水平；利用小动物心脏超声仪评估心脏功能相关参数，包括左室射血分数（LVEF）、左心室缩短分数（LVFS）、心率（HR）、心输出量（CO）、左心室前后壁舒张/收缩末期厚度（LVAWd、LVAWs、LVPWd、LVPWs）及左心室舒张末期容积（LVEDV）、左心室收缩末期容积（LVESV）。结果 综合表征结果证实，APS与AST可自组装形成APS-AST-NPs;HPLC-MS分析鉴定出19种皂苷类成分；APS-AST-NPs的单糖组成包括葡萄糖（81.09%）、鼠李糖（7.48%）、葡萄糖醛酸（6.37%）、半乳糖（1.53%）和阿拉伯糖（3.53%）。药效结果显示，与模型组相比，APS-AST-NPs可显著增加小鼠体质量（P<0.05），并有效改善心脏功能：LVEF、LVFS、HR、CO显著升高（P<0.01、0.001），而LVAWs和LVAWd显著降低（P<0.05）；同时，血清中心肾损伤标志物NT-proBNP、Cys-C及BUN水平显著降低，肾功能保护指标mALB水平显著升高（P<0.05、0.001），提示APSAST-NPs对心肾损伤均具有显著改善作用。结论 证实APS-AST-NPs对心肾共损伤小鼠的心肾功能具有明确的保护作用，为心肾共损伤的临床治疗策略优化及相关纳米制剂研发提供了重要实验依据。

Objective To prepare and characterize Astragalus polysaccharide-saponins nanocomplexes（APS-AST-NPs） and explore its protective effects on mice with co-injury of heart and kidney. Methods APS-AST-NPs were prepared by a 37 ℃ constant temperature water bath. Multi-scale physicochemical characterization was conducted by particle size, UV-Vis, FT-IR and TEM. Saponin components were identified by HPLC-MS. The monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides was analyzed by HPLC after acid hydrolysis combined with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone（PMP） pre-column derivatization. The efficacy was evaluated by intervention experiments in mice with co-injury of heart and kidney: serum levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide（NTproBNP）, cystatin C（Cys-C）, blood urea nitrogen（BUN） and microalbumin（mALB） were detected by ELISA; cardiac function parameters including left ventricular ejection fraction（LVEF）, left ventricular fractional shortening（LVFS）, heart rate（HR）, cardiac output（CO）, left ventricular anterior and posterior wall thickness at end-diastole and end-systole（LVAWd, LVAWs, LVPWd, LVPWs）, left ventricular end-diastolic volume（LVEDV） and left ventricular end-systolic volume（LVESV） were evaluated by small animal echocardiography. Results Comprehensive characterization results confirmed that APS and AST could self-assemble to form APSAST-NPs; 19 saponin components were identified by HPLC-MS; the monosaccharide composition of APS-AST-NPs included glucose（81.09%）, rhamnose（7.48%）, glucuronic acid（6.37%）, galactose（1.53%） and arabinose（3.53%）. Efficacy results showed that compared with the model group, APS-AST-NPs significantly increased the body weight of mice（P＜0.05）, and effectively improved cardiac function: LVEF, LVFS, HR and CO significantly increased（P＜0.01, 0.001）, while LVAWs, LVAWd significantly decreases（P＜0.05）; at the same time, the levels of serum markers of heart and kidney injury NT-proBNP, Cys-C and BUN significantly decreased, and the level of renal function protection index mALB significantly increased（P＜0.05, 0.001）, suggesting that APS-ASTNPs have significant improvement effects on heart and kidney injury. Conclusion It was confirmed that APS-AST-NPs have a clear synergistic protective effect on the heart and kidney function of mice with co-injury of heart and kidney, providing important experimental basis for the optimization of clinical treatment strategies for co-injury of heart and kidney and the development of related nanomedicines.

R944.9

国家自然科学基金资助项目(82204595);国家自然科学基金项目联合基金资助项目(U23A20517); 山西省基础研究计划资助项目(202303021221070); 中国博士后基金资助项目(340903); 山西省中医药科技创新工程资助项目(2025kjzy006); 山西省“三晋英才”科技创新领域青年拔尖人才项目