甲型H1N1流感是传播迅速、致病性强的急性呼吸道传染病，甲型流感病毒H1N1亚型病毒易变异且感染后易引发炎症风暴、氧化应激及免疫紊乱，重症可致多器官衰竭。临床主流化学抗病毒药物存在易诱导耐药、对继发损伤调控不足、不良反应明显等局限，缺乏高效低毒的治疗手段。清热类中药及其复方制剂与该病“温病” “时行感冒”的中医病机高度契合，且其具有多组分、多靶点、多通路特性，既能通过阻断病毒吸附、复制、释放等环节直接抗病毒，又能调节免疫、抑制过度炎症、减轻氧化应激减少病毒引起的病理损伤。系统梳理清热解毒药、清热燥湿药、清热泻火药、清热凉血药、清虚热药等5类清热中药、清热类经典方剂（如黄连解毒汤、清瘟败毒饮等）、清热类上市制剂（如连花清瘟、蒲地蓝消炎口服液等）的核心活性成分、作用靶点与分子调控机制，总结清热类中药及其复方制剂抗甲型H1N1流感的作用特点，为临床防治甲型H1N1流感提供新思路，也为中药现代化开发与合理应用提供理论参考。

Influenza A (H1N1) is a rapidly spreading, highly pathogenic acute respiratory infection. The virus mutates easily, and infection often triggers cytokine storm, oxidative stress, and immune dysfunction; severe cases can cause multiple organ failure. Current chemical antiviral drugs have limitations, including drug resistance, inadequate control of secondary injuries, and significant adverse effects. Consequently, highly effective, low-toxicity therapies remain unavailable. Heat-clearing traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) and their compound formulations align with the TCM pathogenesis of “warm diseases” and “epidemic toxins”. Acting via multi-component, multi-target, multi-pathway mechanisms, they directly inhibit viral attachment, replication, and release, while modulating immune responses, suppressing excessive inflammation, and reducing oxidative stress. This article systematically reviews the five major categories of heat-clearing TCM: heat-clearing and detoxifying herbs, heat-clearing and dampness-drying herbs, heatclearing and fire-purging herbs, heat-clearing and blood-cooling herbs, and herbs that clear deficiency heat. It comprehensively analyzes the core active ingredients, action targets, and molecular regulatory mechanisms of these herbs, as well as classic heat-clearing formulas (such as Huanglian Jiedu Decoction and Qingwen Baidu Yin) and marketed heat-clearing preparations (such as Lianhua Qingwen and Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid). Furthermore, it summarizes the characteristics of heat-clearing TCM and their compound preparations in the treatment of influenza A (H1N1), aiming to provide new perspectives for the clinical prevention and treatment of influenza A (H1N1), and to offer theoretical references for the modern development and rational application of TCM.

R285.5

国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目（82360806）