钩藤属植物作为茜草科重要传统药用资源，始载于《名医别录》，在中国具有悠久的药用历史，常以带钩茎枝入药，具有息风定惊、清热平肝等功效。钩藤属植物以生物碱类成分为主，此外含有萜、黄酮、甾体、香豆素、木脂素、酚酸等多种非生物碱类成分。现代药理学研究表明，钩藤属药用植物具有心血管保护、神经保护、抗肿瘤和抗炎等多种药理作用。然而，《中国药典》2025年版中尚未建立钩藤药材的含量测定标准，极大限制了钩藤属植物临床研究的推进与质量控制标准的完善。系统梳理钩藤属植物化学成分及其药理作用研究现状，并基于质量标志物（Q-Marker）“五原则”构建钩藤属植物Q-Marker的筛选体系，初步预测钩藤碱、异钩藤碱、去氢钩藤碱、异去氢钩藤碱可作为钩藤属植物Q-Marker候选成分，槲皮素、山柰酚和绿原酸等可作为辅助候选成分，用于药效品质辅助评价，以期为其质量评价、质量标准体系构建和临床合理用药提供理论依据。

As an important traditional medicinal resource of the Rubiaceae family, plants of the Uncaria genus have been recorded since the “Ming Yi Bie Lu” and possess a long history of medicinal use in China. The hooked stems and branches are commonly used medicinally for their effects in calming wind, relieving convulsions, clearing heat, and soothing the liver. The chemical constituents of Uncaria species are primarily alkaloids, along with various non-alkaloid compounds such as terpenes, flavonoids, steroids, coumarins, lignans, and phenolic acids. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that these medicinal plants exhibit diverse biological activities including cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, anti-tumor effects, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the 2025 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia has not yet established quantitative standards for Uncaria herbal materials, significantly restricting progress in clinical research and the development of quality control criteria. This study systematically reviews the current status of research on the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Uncaria species, and proposes a screening system for quality markers (Q-Marker) based on the “five principles” of Q-Marker identification. It preliminarily identifies rhynchophylline, isorhynchophylline, dehydrorhynchophylline, and isodehydrorhynchophylline as potential candidate Q-Marker, while quercetin, kaempferol, and chlorogenic acid are suggested as supplementary candidates for auxiliary evaluation of efficacy and quality. These findings aim to provide theoretical support for quality assessment, establishment of quality standards, and rational clinical application of Uncaria species.

R285.5

国家重点研发计划“中医药现代化”重点专项（2024YFC3505900，2024YFC3505905）