甘遂Euphorbia kansui为大戟科大戟属植物，是传统峻下逐水药，具有泻水逐饮，消肿散结的功效，素有“泻水之圣药”之称，但其药性峻猛，兼具药效与毒性。现代研究表明，甘遂主要含萜类和甾醇类等200余种化学成分，以巨大戟烷型、假白榄烷型二萜以及大戟烷型、甘遂烷型三萜为主要特征成分，表现出显著的抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗炎、免疫调节及神经保护等多种药理活性。系统梳理甘遂萜类、甾醇类及其他类化合物的结构特点，总结其主要药理作用、作用机制与临床应用概况；在此基础上，结合中医药理论，遵循质量标志物（Q-Marker）核心概念，预测大戟二烯醇、甘遂萜酯A、甘遂萜酯B等可作为甘遂潜在Q-Marker，以期为甘遂药效物质阐释、临床安全用药、质量控制及新药研发提供参考。

Euphorbia kansui is a plant belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family and the Euphorbia genus. It is a traditional purgative and diuretic drug with the functions of expelling water, eliminating fluid retention, reducing swelling, and dispersing nodules. It is also known as the “sacred medicine for expelling water”. However, its medicinal properties are extremely potent, combining both therapeutic effects and toxicity. Modern research has shown that E. kansui mainly contains over 200 chemical components, including terpenoids and sterols, with the ingenane-type and jatrophane-type diterpenoids, and euphane-type and tirucallane-type triterpenoids as the main characteristic components. These exhibit significant pharmacological activities such as anti-tumor, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, immune regulation, and neuroprotection. This paper systematically reviews the structural characteristics of terpenoids, sterols, and other compounds in E. kansui, summarizes its main pharmacological effects, mechanism of action, and clinical application overview; on this basis, in accordance with traditional Chinese medicine theory, following the core concept of quality markers (Q-Markers), it predicts that euphol; kansuinine A; kansuinine B, etc., could serve as potential Q-Markers of E. kansui, with the aim of providing references for the elucidation of the pharmacological substances of E. kansui, clinical safe medication, quality control, and new drug development.

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广西壮瑶药重点实验室能力建设项目（桂科LT2600640036）；壮瑶药材开发及产业化广西高校工程研究中心(桂教科研〔2024〕10号)；国家中医药管理局高水平中医药重点学科建设项目-少数民族药学（壮药学）（zyyzdxk-2023165）；广西壮族自治区民族药资源与应用工程研究中心（桂发改高技函[2020]2605号）；广西中医药重点学科壮药学（GZXK-Z-20-64）、广西一流学科中药学（民族药学）（桂教科研[2018]12号），国家自然科学基金资助项目（82060713）