目的 探究枸杞子传统“辨状论质”经验与现代多指标综合质量评价的内在关联，建立枸杞子客观质量评价方法。方法 收集宁夏、甘肃、青海3个主产区共计32批枸杞子样品，对百粒重、色度值L*（亮度）、a*（红绿色度）、b*（黄蓝色度）等外观性状进行量化检测；同步测定水溶性浸出物、甜菜碱、枸杞多糖、总糖、蛋白质，以及3种类胡萝卜素（玉米黄素、β-胡萝卜素、玉米黄素双棕榈酸酯）和3种黄酮类成分（芦丁、莰菲醇-3-O-芸香糖苷、水仙苷），合计11项化学质控指标。采用指标相关性的指标权重法（CRITIC）确定各指标客观权重，结合逼近理想解排序法（TOPSIS）计算各样品的相对贴近度（C_i），以此表征样品综合质量；采用Pearson相关性分析揭示外观性状、化学成分及C_i的关联。结果 CRITICTOPSIS综合评价结果显示，宁夏、甘肃、青海产区样品C_i均值分别为0.44、0.37、0.36，综合质量排名前3的样品均来自宁夏；各产区内部样品质量存在显著差异。相关性分析结果表明，色度a*与玉米黄素双棕榈酸酯、β-胡萝卜素呈显著正相关，百粒重与总糖、蛋白质呈显著正相关。结论 本研究为枸杞子传统“辨状论质”提供了量化科学依据，证实传统经验中“色红”“个大”可作为枸杞子指标性成分的快速辅助鉴别依据。所建立的多指标定量测定结合CRITIC-TOPSIS化学计量学综合评价方法，科学性强、可操作性良好，可为枸杞子质量评价提供参考。

Objective To explore the intrinsic relationship between traditional “quality evaluation through morphological identification” practices for Lycii Fructus and modern multi-index comprehensive quality evaluation, and to establish an objective method for assessing Lycii Fructus quality. Methods A total of 32 batches of Lycii Fructus samples from three major producing regions—Ningxia, Gansu, and Qinghai—were collected. Quantitative measurements were performed on external characteristics including hundred-grain weight, color values (L* for brightness, a* for red-green hue, b* for yellow-blue hue). Simultaneously, 11 chemical quality control indicators were determined: water-soluble extractives, betaine, Lycium barbarum polysaccharides, total sugar, protein, three carotenoids (zeaxanthin, β-carotene, zeaxanthin dipalmitate), and three flavonoids (rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, narcissoside). The objective weights of each indicator were determined using the correlation-based CRITIC method, and the relative closeness (C_i) of each sample was calculated using the TOPSIS approach to represent its overall quality. Pearson correlation analysis was used to reveal relationships among external traits, chemical components, and relative closeness C_i. Results The CRITIC-TOPSIS integrated evaluation showed that the mean Ci values for samples from Ningxia, Gansu, and Qinghai were 0.44, 0.37, and 0.36, respectively, with the top three highest-quality samples all originating from Ningxia. Significant differences in sample quality were observed within each region. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between a* and zeaxanthin dipalmitate and β-carotene, and between hundred-grain weight and total sugar and protein. Conclusion This study provides quantitative scientific evidence supporting the traditional “quality evaluation through morphological identification” practice for Lycii Fructus, confirming that “bright red color” and “large size” can serve as rapid auxiliary indicators for identifying key chemical constituents. The established multi-index quantitative analysis combined with the CRITIC-TOPSIS chemometric evaluation method is scientifically sound and highly practical, offering valuable reference for Lycii Fructus quality assessment.

R285.5;R284

国家重点研发计划资助项目（2025YFC3512100）；中检院中药所学科建设项目（2026XKJS15）