固有免疫是机体抵抗病原体入侵的第一道防线，在抗病毒应答中发挥着至关重要的作用。中药不仅能通过多种途径影响免疫细胞的活性和功能，增强机体的免疫应答，还能调节细胞因子的分泌，协助维持免疫平衡。系统梳理中药增强机体固有免疫抗病毒的研究进展，深入探讨固有免疫在抗病毒中的核心作用机制，总结中药活性成分及复方通过调控固有免疫应答，包括促进固有免疫细胞活性、调控干扰素通路、抑制炎症过度反应、激活黏膜屏障免疫等发挥抗病毒效应的分子机制与现代研究证据，并分析当前面临的挑战和未来发展方向，以期为开发基于中药资源的创新抗病毒药物和策略提供理论参考与思路启示，进一步推动中医药在病毒性疾病防治中发挥更大作用。

Innate immunity acts as the body’s primary defense against pathogenic invasions and plays a vital role in antiviral defense. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) enhances immune responses by modulating the activity and function of immune cells through multiple pathways, as well as regulating cytokine secretion to maintain immune homeostasis. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in TCM-mediated enhancement of innate antiviral immunity. Specifically, it explores the core mechanisms of innate immunity in antiviral defense, encompassing the promotion of innate immune cell activity, regulation of interferon pathways, inhibition of excessive inflammatory responses, and activation of mucosal barrier immunity. Furthermore, it summarizes the molecular pathways through which TCM formulations exert antiviral effects via innate immune regulation, and discusses current challenges and future directions in this field. The findings are expected to offer theoretical insights and innovative perspectives for the development of novel TCM-derived antiviral drugs and strategies, thereby facilitating the broader integration of TCM into the prevention and treatment of viral diseases.

R285.5

广东省中医药科研项目（20261204）；广东省医学科研基金项目（B2025240）