抑郁症全球发病率持续升高，已成为临床最常见的精神疾病之一。相较于单一靶点的化学药治疗，传统中药凭借多靶点、多通路、整体性调控的独特优势，在抑郁症防治领域备受关注。栀子作为传统中药材，具有泻火除烦、清热利湿、凉血解毒的功效。现有研究证实，栀子中的栀子苷、京尼平、藏红花素等主要活性成分，以及栀子厚朴汤、越鞠丸、加味逍遥丸、栀子豉汤等含栀子经典中药复方，可有效改善抑郁症核心症状，同时缓解患者伴随的焦虑、失眠、认知功能减退等并发症。其抗抑郁作用机制主要与调控单胺类神经递质分泌、调节下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴功能、介导脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）表达、抑制神经炎症、改善神经可塑性等多种途径密切相关。系统梳理栀子单味药活性成分及含栀子复方的抗抑郁相关研究进展，总结其药效作用与分子机制，旨在为栀子应用于抑郁症的临床治疗提供科学理论支撑，同时为栀子抗抑郁的现代化研究提供参考。

The global incidence of depression continues to rise, making it one of the most common mental disorders in clinical practice. Compared with single-target chemical drugs, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has attracted significant attention in the prevention and treatment of depression due to its unique advantages of multi-target, multi-pathway, and holistic regulation. Gardenia jasminoides, a traditional Chinese herb, is known for its properties of clearing heat, relieving irritability, promoting diuresis, cooling blood, and detoxifying. Current research has confirmed that major active components in G. jasminoides--such as gardenoside, genipin, and crocin.as well as classic TCM compound formulas containing G. jasminoides, including Zhizi Houpo Decoction, Yueju Pills, Jiawei Xiaoyao Pills, and Zhizichi Decoction, can effectively alleviate core symptoms of depression while also mitigating associated complications such as anxiety, insomnia, and cognitive impairment. The antidepressant mechanisms are closely related to multiple pathways, including modulation of monoamine neurotransmitter secretion, regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function, mediation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, suppression of neuroinflammation, and enhancement of neural plasticity. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in research on the antidepressant effects of G. jasminoides’s active compounds and G. jasminoides-containing herbal formulations, elucidates their pharmacological actions and molecular mechanisms, and aims to provide scientific theoretical support for the clinical application of gardenia in treating depression, as well as to offer reference for modern research on its antidepressant effects.

R285.5

山东省自然科学基金项目（ZR2021MH123）；山东中医药大学科学研究基金项目（KYZK2024Z03）