目的 以黑腹果蝇为模型，探究冻绿叶茶水提物（RUAE）延缓衰老的作用，并基于代谢组学解析其作用机制。方法 收集同一批次3 d内羽化的果蝇成虫，将其分为对照组和不同质量浓度（0.5、2.5、4.5 g·L^-1）的RUAE组。采用寿命实验、过氧化氢急性损伤、冷应激以及抗氧化酶水平测定实验评价冻绿叶茶对果蝇寿命及抗氧化能力的影响；基于液质联用技术（LC-MS）对不同处理组的果蝇样本进行代谢组学分析，筛选差异代谢物并富集相关代谢通路。结果 与对照组相比，0.5、2.5 g·L^-1 RUAE均能延长雄性果蝇的平均寿命、中位寿命和最高寿命，提高果蝇抗急性损伤、抗冷应激能力，增加果蝇体内总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）的活性（P＜0.05、0.01、0.001）。通过代谢组学技术指认出RUAE可显著回调34种差异代谢物，参与苯丙氨酸代谢、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸的生物合成、牛磺酸与亚牛磺酸代谢、淀粉和蔗糖代谢、谷胱甘肽代谢5条代谢通路。结论 RUAE可以延长果蝇寿命，延缓果蝇衰老，提高果蝇体内抗氧化酶活性，其抗衰老机制可能与调节苯丙氨酸等代谢途径有关。

Objective To investigate the anti-aging effects of aqueous extract from Rhamnus utilis (RUAE) and elucidate its mechanisms using Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism based on metabolomics. Methods Adult D. melanogaster eclosed within three days from the same batch were collected and randomly divided into a control group and experimental groups treated with RUAE at different concentrations (0.5, 2.5 and 4.5 g·L^-1). A series of functional assays including lifespan analysis, hydrogen peroxideinduced acute oxidative damage, cold stress tolerance, and antioxidant enzyme activity measurement were performed to assess the effects of RUAE on the lifespan and antioxidant capacities of D. melanogaster. Furthermore, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomic analysis was conducted on D. melanogaster samples from different treatment groups to screen differential metabolites and enrich the relevant metabolic pathways. Results Compared with the control group, 0.5 and 2.5 g·L^-1 RUAE significantly prolonged the average, median, and maximum lifespans of male D. melanogaster, enhanced resistance to acute oxidative injury and cold stress, and increased in vivo T-SOD activity (P<0.05, 0.01, and 0.001). Metabolomic analysis identified 34 differential metabolites that were reversed by RUAE, implicating five metabolic pathways: Phenylalanine metabolism, biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and glutathione metabolism. Conclusion The RUAE extends the lifespan and delays the senescence of D. melanogaster, while enhancing the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes in the flies; its anti-aging mechanism might be associated with the regulation of metabolic pathways such as phenylalanine metabolism.

R965

吕梁市高层次科技人才引进计划专项（2023RC05）