全球人口老龄化加剧使衰老相关退行性疾病的防治面临严峻挑战。中草药来源细胞外囊泡（EVs）样颗粒（CHMEVLP）作为具有内在治疗活性的天然纳米颗粒，因其良好的生物相容性、低免疫原性及潜在靶向递送能力，在衰老相关退行性疾病干预领域受到广泛关注。总结CHM-EVLP的来源、活性组分及主要提取与分离方法，并重点总结其通过调控细胞衰老相关信号通路、改善线粒体功能、缓解氧化应激及炎症反应等机制发挥抗衰老作用的研究进展。同时，系统梳理CHMEVLP在神经退行性疾病、骨退行性疾病及心脑血管退行性疾病中的潜在治疗应用。CHM-EVLP为阐释中药多成分、多靶点作用机制提供了新的研究视角，也为基于天然纳米载体的抗衰老干预策略开发提供了理论依据。未来研究仍需进一步解析其关键活性成分、作用机制及体内转运规律，以推动其临床转化与应用。

The accelerating aging of the global population poses a formidable challenge to the prevention and treatment of age-related degenerative diseases. Chinese herbal medicine derived extracellular vesicles (EVs)-like particles (CHM-EVLP), as natural nanoparticles with intrinsic therapeutic activity, have garnered considerable attention in the field of aging-related degenerative disease intervention due to their good biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and potential for targeted delivery. This review summarizes the sources, active components, and primary extraction and isolation methods of CHM-EVLP, with an emphasis on research advances in their anti-aging effects mediated by mechanisms such as the regulation of cellular senescence-related signaling pathways, improvement of mitochondrial function, and alleviation of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, it systematically outlines the potential therapeutic applications of CHM-EVLP in neurodegenerative diseases, osteodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular degenerative diseases. CHM-EVLP provides a novel research perspective for elucidating the multi-component, multitarget mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine and offers a theoretical foundation for developing anti-aging intervention strategies based on natural nanocarriers. Future research should further elucidate their key active constituents, mechanisms of action, and in vivo trafficking patterns to facilitate clinical translation and application.

R285.5

国家自然科学基金资助项目（81973670）；湖南省自然科学基金项目（2025JJ80078）；湖南省中医药科研课题重点项目（A2024010）；长沙市自然科学基金项目（kq2402183）