肝脏疾病因其病理机制和有限的临床治疗策略，已成为全球性的健康挑战。黄芩Scutellaria baicalensis作为传统中药，具有清热燥湿、泻火解毒、止血安胎之功效，其现代药理学研究表明其具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎、解热、保肝利胆等多种药理活性。越来越多的研究表明，黄芩及其活性成分、复方在病毒性肝炎、代谢相关脂肪性肝病（MAFLD）、肝纤维化及肝癌等肝脏疾病中展现出显著疗效。以“黄芩”“活性成分”“肝脏疾病”“作用机制”为关键词，系统检索了中国学术期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、Pubmed等数据库中黄芩及其活性成分、复方在肝脏疾病中的相关研究。综述黄芩主要活性成分及其复方调控肝脏疾病的关键作用机制，包括抗炎、抗氧化、调控细胞自噬与凋亡、抑制肝星状细胞活化及调节肠道菌群等途径，以期为阐明其药理作用提供科学依据，并为肝脏疾病的临床治疗与新药研发提供理论参考。

Liver diseases have become a global health challenge due to their complex pathophysiology and limited clinical treatment strategies. Scutellaria baicalensis, a traditional Chinese medicine, possesses therapeutic effects including clearing heat and drying dampness, purging fire, detoxifying, and arresting bleeding to stabilize pregnancy. Modern pharmacological studies reveal its diverse pharmacological activities, such as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, hepatoprotective, and cholagogue effects. Increasing research indicates that baicalin exhibits multiple pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, hepat detoxify, stop bleeding, and stabilize pregnancy. Modern pharmacological studies reveal its diverse pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, hepatoprotective, and cholagogue effects. Increasing evidence indicates that S. baicalensis, its active components, and compound preparations demonstrate significant therapeutic efficacy in liver diseases such as viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. This paper systematically searched databases including CNKI and PubMed using keywords “Scutellaria baicalensis”, “active components” “liver diseases”, and “mechanism of action” to review relevant studies on S. baicalensis, its active components, and compound preparations in liver diseases. The aim is to summarize the key mechanisms by which the primary active components and compound preparations of S. baicalensis regulate liver diseases including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, regulation of autophagy and apoptosis, inhibition of hepatic stellate cell activation, and modulation of gut microbiota. This review aims to provide scientific evidence for elucidating its pharmacological actions and offer theoretical references for clinical treatment and new drug development in liver diseases.

R285.5

四大慢病重大专项（2024ZD0530700）