目的 基于文献计量学方法，对1995—2025年凝胶贴膏领域的研究现状与发展趋势进行可视化分析，为该领域未来的探索及创新发展提供参考。方法 检索中国学术期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、万方（Wanfang）、维普（VIP）及Web of Science（WOS）核心数据库的凝胶贴膏相关中、英文文献，经NoteExpress去重和人工筛选后，采用CiteSpace、VOSviewer及Excel工具，从年度与国家发文量、机构与作者合作网络、关键词共现与聚类、关键词突现等维度，对纳入的文献开展系统性可视化计量分析，对比中、英文研究的特征与差异。结果 共纳入文献3 689篇，其中中文1 605篇，英文2 084篇。分析显示，年度发文量呈波动性增长，2015年后英文文献增速与总量均显著超越中文，2024年英文文献达发文峰值192篇。国家层面，美国以528篇居英文发文量首位，中国404篇位列第2，全球形成北美、亚洲、欧洲3大研究重心；国际合作中，中、美为核心节点，合作网络密集。机构方面，中文发文量最高的机构是北京中医药大学（25篇），国内研究机构呈“区域化小团体”特征，企业参与度低；英文发文量最高的机构是诺华公司（77篇），国际机构形成以跨国药企为核心、产学研深度融合的全球化协作网络。作者方面，中文发文量最高的作者为中国中医科学院刘淑芝（24篇），核心团队包括刘淑芝团队（聚焦基质优化、促透技术）、吴雪茹团队（聚焦工艺优化与质量标准）、马云淑团队（聚焦民族药凝胶贴膏开发），国内作者合作呈分散化特征，形成多个独立研究团队；英文发文量最高的作者为Fang Liang（58篇），国际作者合作网络高度互联，核心团队研究偏向前沿药物递送机制与疾病靶向治疗。研究热点上，中文文献聚焦剂型基础研究与工艺优化，高频关键词为巴布剂、基质、制备工艺等，研究演进历经剂型引进、技术深化、标准建立、理念统一与前沿探索4阶段；英文文献聚焦临床应用与前沿递送机制，高频关键词为透皮贴剂、双盲、疗效等，研究从替代治疗拓展至神经系统疾病、智能递送、组织修复等领域，历经激素治疗、神经疾病治疗、制剂技术革新、生物医学工程融合4阶段。结论 凝胶贴膏领域正快速发展，中、英文研究在研究重点、合作模式等方面差异显著。未来该领域需融合透皮吸收机制与智能递送技术，推进中药复方凝胶贴膏现代化标准化，拓展其在慢性病管理、组织修复的应用，攻克黏附力等技术瓶颈。

Objective Based on the bibliometric method, a visual analysis was conducted on the research status and development trends of gel patches from 1995 to 2025 to provide a reference for future exploration and innovation in this field. Methods Relevant Chinese and English literature on gel patches from the CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and Web of Science (WOS) core databases were retrieved. After removing duplicates using NoteExpress and conducting manual screening, CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Excel tools were used to conduct a systematic visual quantitative analysis of the included literature, comparing the characteristics and differences between Chinese and English studies. Results A total of 3 689 articles were included, including 1 605 Chinese articles and 2 084 English articles. The analysis showed that the annual publication volume fluctuated and increased, with the growth rate and total volume of English literature significantly exceeding that of Chinese literature after 2015. In 2024, the number of English literature reached a peak of 192 articles. At the national level, the United States had 528 articles as the leading English publication volume, China had 404 articles ranking second. Three major research centers formed in North America, Asia, and Europe. In international cooperation, China and the United States were the core nodes, and the cooperation network was dense. In terms of institutions, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine had the highest number of Chinese publications (25 articles), and domestic research institutions showed a “regionalized small group” feature, with low participation from enterprises. The institution with the highest number of English publications was Novartis (77 articles), and international institutions formed a global collaborative network centered on multinational pharmaceutical companies, with deep integration of industry, academia, and research. In terms of authors, the Chinese author with the highest number of publications was Liu Shuzhi from the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (24 articles), with core teams including the Liu Shuzhi team (focusing on matrix optimization and permeation technology), Wu Xueru team (focusing on process optimization and quality standards), and Ma Yunshu team (focusing on the development of ethnic medicine gel patches). Domestic authors' cooperation was characterized by dispersion, forming multiple independent research teams. The English author with the highest number of publications was Fang Liang (58 articles), with a highly interconnected core team research network focusing on the frontiers of drug delivery mechanisms and disease-targeted treatment. In terms of research hotspots, Chinese literature focused on basic research and process optimization of formulations, with frequent keywords such as ointment, matrix, and preparation process. The research evolution went through four stages: introduction of formulations, deepening of technology, establishment of standards, unified concepts, and frontier exploration. English literature focused on clinical applications and frontier delivery mechanisms, with frequent keywords such as transdermal patches, double-blind, and efficacy. The research expanded from alternative treatment to neurological diseases, intelligent delivery, and tissue repair, going through four stages: hormone therapy, neurological disease treatment, formulation technology innovation, and integration of biomedical engineering. Conclusion The gel patch field is developing rapidly, and there are significant differences in research focus and cooperation models between Chinese and English studies. In the future, this field needs to integrate transdermal absorption mechanisms and intelligent delivery technologies, promote the modernization and standardization of traditional Chinese medicine compound gel patches, expand their application in chronic disease management and tissue repair, and overcome technical bottlenecks such as adhesion force.

R283.6;G350

国家自然科学基金资助项目（82174065）；云南省科技厅社会发展专项-重点研发计划项目（202303AC100025）