多组分纳米平台是将多种不同的功能组分，通过物理或化学方法构建于一个纳米载体中，实现多种功能协同作用的纳米系统。用于癌症治疗的多组分纳米平台通过整合药物、靶向配体、成像探针、响应性材料等多种功能组分，可以实现对肿瘤的精准诊断与高效协同治疗。近年来构建中药应用的多组分癌症治疗纳米平台成为一个新兴的热点。中药可以通过多种方式参与其中并发挥独特作用，相关研究也为阐明中药药效机制和中医药现代化提供重要路径。系统综述多组分纳米平台在癌症治疗中的研究进展，重点阐述其发挥疗效的机制（包括酶活性催化、调节肿瘤微环境、免疫调控、靶向释放载药及多种物理响应治疗等），结构组成与载体设计、合成方法及表征手段以及如何与中药结合应用。尽管临床应用仍面临挑战，但随着材料科学、纳米技术和生物医学的进一步交叉融合，多组分纳米平台有望为临床癌症治疗提供新的解决方案。

Multicomponent nanoplatforms are nanosystems constructed by integrating multiple functional components into a single nanocarrier through physical or chemical methods, enabling synergistic functions. For cancer therapy, multicomponent nanoplatforms achieve precise diagnosis and efficient synergistic treatment of tumors by incorporating various functional components such as drugs, targeting ligands, imaging probes, and responsive materials. In recent years, multicomponent cancer-therapy nanoplatforms involving traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have emerged as a new research hotspot. TCM can participate in these platforms in diverse ways and exert unique effects, providing important pathways for elucidating the pharmacological mechanisms of TCM and promoting the modernization of Chinese medicine. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in multicomponent nanoplatforms for cancer therapy, focusing on their mechanisms of therapeutic effect (including enzyme-mimetic catalysis, tumor microenvironment modulation, immune regulation, targeted drug release, and multiple physically responsive therapies), structural design, synthesis methods, and characterization techniques, as well as how to integrate with TCM for application. Although clinical translation still faces challenges, with further integration of materials science, nanotechnology, and biomedicine, multicomponent nanoplatforms are expected to offer novel solutions for clinical cancer treatment.

R283.6

天津市自然科学基金资助项目（23JCZXJC00150，23JCJQJC00040）