子宫内膜异位症作为一种常见妇科疾病，好发于育龄期妇女，是慢性盆腔疼痛和不孕的潜在原因，在女性健康领域备受关注。现有治疗手段如激素药物和手术存在不良反应大、易复发等问题，探索新型治疗策略具有重要意义。研究表明，核因子κB(NF-κB)信号通路在子宫内膜异位症发生发展中处于持续激活状态，参与炎症反应、“黏附-侵袭-血管生成”过程、细胞增殖与凋亡失衡、氧化应激等多个关键病理环节。中药在子宫内膜异位症治疗中具有出多靶点、多通路等独特优势，多种中药单体、有效成分及复方可通过抑制NF-κB通路，干预子宫内膜异位症的疾病进程。系统梳理NF-κB通路的组成与激活机制，及其在子宫内膜异位症病理过程中的作用，总结中药靶向NF-κB通路治疗子宫内膜异位症的现有研究成果与相关分子机制，同时指出了当前研究存在的问题，并进行多维度探讨，以期为中药防治子宫内膜异位症提供新的理论依据和临床转化思路。

Endometriosis(EMs) is a prevalent gynecological disorder that predominantly affects women of reproductive age. It is a significant cause of chronic pelvic pain and infertility, thereby making it a major concern in the field of women's health. Current treatment modalities, including hormonal medications and surgical interventions, are associated with significant adverse effects and a high rate of recurrence, underscoring the imperative for the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. A growing body of research has identified the nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) signaling pathway as a persistent driver of the progression of EMs. This pathway has been implicated in a multitude of crucial pathological processes, including inflammatory responses, the “adhesion-invasion-angiogenesis” cascade, dysregulated cell proliferation and apoptosis, and oxidative stress. According to the principles of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), treatment with EMs offers distinct advantages due to its multi-targeted and multi-pathway effects. A variety of monomers, active components, and compound formulas of TCM have been shown to intervene in the disease process by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. This paper systematically reviews the composition and activation mechanisms of the NF-κB pathway, its role in the pathological process of EMs, summarizes existing research findings and related molecular mechanisms of TCM targeting the NF-κB pathway for EMs treatment, identifies current research limitations, and conducts multidimensional discussions. The objective of this study is to establish novel theoretical frameworks and clinical translation strategies for the prevention and treatment of EMs using TCM.

R285.5

国家自然科学基金地区项目(82160931); 针灸推拿专业核心课程群教学团队(2252201021); 针灸推拿学专业虚拟教研室(2252300105)