当前胃食管疾病患病率居高不下，其病理机制复杂且受多因素调控，其中缺氧微环境发挥着关键作用。缺氧诱导因子（HIF）作为缺氧微环境中的核心调控分子，可通过自身表达调控及与上下游信号通路分子的协同转导，从多维度影响胃食管黏膜屏障功能、炎症反应进程、细胞增殖与凋亡平衡、能量代谢重塑及机体免疫应答等关键病理环节，进而调控胃食管反流病、食管癌、慢性萎缩性胃炎等多种胃食管疾病的发生与进展。中药具有多成分、多靶点协同作用的独特优势，在靶向调控HIF表达的同时，可同步协同干预其他相关信号分子，在胃食管疾病治疗中展现出显著潜力。结合近年来最新研究进展，系统阐述HIF在胃食管疾病中的作用机制及中药针对性干预策略，为该类疾病的临床治疗及研究提供新的思路与方向。

The prevalence of gastroesophageal diseases remains high at present, and their pathological mechanisms are complex and regulated by multiple factors, among which the hypoxic microenvironment plays a key role. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), as a core regulatory molecule in the hypoxic microenvironment, can influence key pathological processes such as the function of the gastroesophageal mucosal barrier, the progression of inflammatory responses, the balance of cell proliferation and apoptosis, the remodeling of energy metabolism, and the immune response of the body from multiple dimensions through its own expression regulation and the coordinated transduction with upstream and downstream signaling pathway molecules, thereby regulating the occurrence and progression of various gastroesophageal diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, esophageal cancer, and chronic atrophic gastritis. Traditional Chinese medicine has the unique advantage of multi-component and multi-target synergistic action. While targeting the regulation of HIF expression, it can simultaneously and coordinately intervene in other related signaling molecules, demonstrating significant potential in the treatment of gastroesophageal diseases. Based on the latest research progress in recent years, this paper systematically expounds the mechanism of HIF in gastroesophageal diseases and the targeted intervention strategies of traditional Chinese medicine, providing new ideas and directions for the clinical treatment and research of such diseases.

R285.5;R573;R363.2

国家自然科学基金资助项目（82560887）；甘肃省联合科研基金重大项目（24JRRA897）；甘肃省自然基金资助项目（21JR11RA205）；甘肃省联合科研基金一般项目（24JRRA900）；甘肃省卫生健康行业科研项目(GSWESONPY2024-04）；第二批陇原青年英才项目（2022LQGR03）；兰州市科技计划项目（2022-5-97）