结直肠癌在我国属高发恶性肿瘤，病死率高，现代研究证实炎症性肠病患者癌变风险远高于普通人群。结直肠“炎-癌转化”进程复杂，中医药防治此过程具有多维度、多层次、多靶点阻断病理与整体动态调节的优势，同时面临辨证标准化未臻统一、机制解析割裂及临床转化难等挑战。结直肠类器官作为体外微型器官模型，能高度模拟结直肠生理病理特征、保留疾病遗传背景，在结直肠疾病研究中优势显著。阐述类器官概念与结直肠类器官构建概况，分析其在结直肠疾病研究中的核心优势，梳理中医药防治结直肠“炎-癌转化”的优势与挑战，重点探讨类器官在革新中药活性成分筛选、推动辨证标准化、加速临床转化等方面的应用价值，并展望其通过构建多样化的标准化模型、深化机制挖掘、助力个体化方案制定与新药研发，为中医药防治结直肠“炎-癌转化”提供创新路径，推动中医药现代化与精准化发展。

Colorectal cancer is a highly prevalent malignant tumor in China with a significant mortality rate. Modern research has confirmed that patients with inflammatory bowel disease face a substantially higher risk of carcinogenesis compared to the general population. The process of “inflammation-cancer transformation” in the colorectal region is complex. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) demonstrates advantages in preventing and treating this process through multi-dimensional, multi-level, and multi-target interventions that holistically and dynamically regulate pathological processes. However, it also faces challenges such as lack of standardized syndrome differentiation, fragmented mechanistic understanding, and difficulties in clinical translation. Colorectal organoids, as in vitro miniaturized organ models, can highly simulate the physiological and pathological characteristics of the colorectal region and retain the genetic background of diseases, offering significant advantages in the study of colorectal diseases. This article elaborates on the concept of organoids and the general process of constructing colorectal organoids, analyzes their core advantages in colorectal disease research, and outlines the strengths and weaknesses of TCM in preventing and treating colorectal “inflammation-cancer transformation”. It focuses on discussing the application value of organoids in revolutionizing the screening of active TCM components, promoting standardization of syndrome differentiation, and accelerating clinical translation. Furthermore, it prospects how organoids can provide innovative pathways for TCM prevention and treatment of colorectal "inflammation-cancer transformation" by constructing diverse standardized models, deepening mechanistic exploration, facilitating the development of personalized treatment plans, and aiding new drug research and development, thereby advancing the modernization and precision of TCM.

R965.1

河南省科技研发计划联合基金（242301420114）；河南省科技攻关计划（232102311221）；郑州市医疗卫生领域科技创新指导计划（2024YLZDJH077）；河南省中医药科研专项课题（2025ZY3006）；河南省医学科技攻关计划（LHGJ20240665）；国家中医药传承创新中心科研专项（2023ZXZX1088）