桔梗为桔梗科植物桔梗Platycodon grandiflorum的干燥根，有小毒，据《中国药典》2020年版显示，桔梗具有“宣肺，利咽，祛痰，排脓”的功效，药用价值高。桔梗最早被记录在《神农本草经》中，被列为“下品”，药用历史悠久。桔梗的主要化学成分包括皂苷、黄酮、多糖等多种化合物，其中桔梗皂苷是其发挥药理作用的主要化学成分。桔梗的传统药性“味苦、辛，性平”，桔梗皂苷正是其味苦的来源。桔梗中的化学成分，有着抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化等作用，在临床上得到了初步认证。随着现代科学技术的发展，对桔梗的研究不断深入，从化学成分的解析到药理作用的探究以及质量标志物的预测，均取得了显著的成果。总结桔梗的化学成分、药理作用，并对桔梗的质量标志物进行时空、成分、成效的多角度预测，为桔梗的临床药理研究提供更加科学的参考依据。

Platycodon grandiflorum, commonly known as bellflower, is the dried root of the plant in the Campanulaceae family. It has slight toxicity. According to the 2020 edition of the “Chinese Pharmacopoeia”, it possesses effects such as “dispelling phlegm, relieving sore throat, promoting lung function, and purging pus”, making its medicinal value high. P. grandiflorum was first recorded in the “Shennong Bencao Jing”, categorized as “inferior grade”, indicating a long history of medicinal use. The main chemical components of P. grandiflorum include saponins, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, among which platycodin is the primary chemical ingredient responsible for its pharmacological effects. Its traditional medicinal properties are characterized as “bitter, pungent, and neutral”, with the bitterness coming from platycodin. The chemical constituents of P. grandiflorum have demonstrated antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, which have been preliminarily verified in clinical settings. Meanwhile, this article predicts the quality markers（Q-Marker） of P. grandiflorum from multiple perspectives, including temporal, compositional, and efficacy analyses. With advancements in modern science and technology, research on P. grandiflorum has deepened, leading to significant achievements from the analysis of its chemical components to the exploration of its pharmacological effects and the prediction of quality markers. This article will elaborate on the chemical components, pharmacological effects, and quality markers of bellflower, providing a more scientifically based reference for the clinical pharmacological research of P. grandiflorum.

R285.5

黑龙江省自然科学基金重点项目(ZD2020H006)