目的 联合基线等比增减设计与谱效关系分析方法，筛选黄芩射干汤发挥抗炎、止咳、抑菌作用的药效物质。方法 采用基线等比增减设计法设置黄芩射干汤不同质量比（2∶8、4∶6、5∶5、6∶4、8∶2），通过超高效液相色谱法（UPLC）建立各质量比样品的指纹图谱；建立二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀模型评价其抗炎作用，构建浓氨水致小鼠咳嗽模型评价其止咳作用，采用体外抑菌实验评价其对金黄色葡萄球菌和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性；借助灰色关联分析与偏最小二乘法回归分析构建谱效关系，筛选药效物质。结果 5批不同质量比黄芩射干汤样品的指纹图谱共标定18个共有峰，经对照品比对，共指认10个色谱峰，依次为射干苷（2号峰）、野黄芩苷（3号峰）、野鸢尾苷（4号峰）、黄芩苷（6号峰）、千层纸素A-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷（10号峰）、汉黄芩苷（11号峰）、野鸢尾黄素（12号峰）、黄芩素（15号峰）、次野鸢尾黄素（16号峰）、黄芩黄酮Ⅱ（17号峰）；与模型组相比，黄芩射干汤5∶5组小鼠耳肿胀度显著降低（P<0.05），其抗炎主要药效物质为射干苷、野鸢尾苷、黄芩素；各质量比组小鼠咳嗽次数均显著减少（P<0.01），止咳药效物质为野鸢尾苷、千层纸素A-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、汉黄芩苷、野鸢尾黄素；各质量比样品均表现出一定抑菌活性，抑菌药效物质为黄芩素、野鸢尾苷。结论 明确黄芩射干汤发挥抗炎、止咳、抑菌作用的核心药效物质，为该方剂的质量控制提供参考。

Objective To screen the pharmacodynamic substances of Huangqin Shegan Decoction for its anti-inflammatory, antitussive and antibacterial effects by combining the increase-decrease baseline geometric proportion design and the spectrum-effect relationship analysis method. Methods Different mass ratios of Huangqin Shegan Decoction（2∶8, 4∶6, 5∶5, 6∶4, 8∶2） were set up using the increase-decrease baseline geometric proportion design method. Fingerprint chromatograms of samples with different mass ratios were established by ultra-performance liquid chromatography（UPLC）. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated by the xylene-induced mouse ear swelling model, the antitussive effect was evaluated by the ammonia water-induced mouse cough model, and the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated by in vitro antibacterial experiments. The spectrum-effect relationship was constructed by grey correlation analysis and partial least squares regression analysis to screen the pharmacodynamic substances. Results A total of 18 common peaks were identified in the fingerprint chromatograms of 5 batches of Huangqin Shegan Decoction with different mass ratios. By comparing with reference substances, 10 chromatographic peaks were identified, namely, tectoridin（peak 2）, scutellarin（peak 3）, iridin（peak 4）, baicalein（peak 6）, oroxylina-7-O-glucuronide（peak 10）, wogonoside（peak 11）, irigenin（peak 12）, baicalein（peak 15）, irisflorentin（peak 16）, and skullcapflavone II（peak 17）. Compared with the model group, the ear swelling degree of the 5∶5 group of Huangqin Shegan Decoction was significantly reduced（P ＜ 0.05）, and the main anti-inflammatory pharmacodynamic substances were tectoridin, iridin, and baicalein. The cough frequency of mice in each mass ratio group was significantly reduced（P ＜ 0.01）, and the antitussive pharmacodynamic substances were iridin, oroxylina-7-O-glucuronide, wogonoside, and irigenin. All samples with different mass ratios showed certain antibacterial activity, and the antibacterial pharmacodynamic substances were baicalein and iridin. Conclusion The core pharmacodynamic substances of Huangqin Shegan Decoction for anti-inflammatory, antitussive and antibacterial effects were identified, providing a reference for the quality control of this formula.

R285.5

辽宁省科学技术计划项目(2023-MSLH-147,2023-MSLH-151,2024-MSLH-253); 国家中医药管理局“第七批全国老中医药专家学术经验继承项目”([2022]76)