生长激素释放激素（GHRH）是下丘脑分泌的一种神经肽类激素，通过作用于垂体的生长激素释放激素受体（GHRHR）调节生长激素的分泌和合成，进而调节细胞生长。研究表明，GHRHR除在垂体表达外，也表达在诸多垂体外组织中，例如心肌组织。近年来的研究发现，与内源性GHRH相比，人工合成的GHRH类似物（GHRH-A）具有受体亲和力强，半衰期长和不良反应少等优点。研究表明GHRH-A对多种实验性心血管疾病（CVDs），如心力衰竭、心肌缺血/再灌注损伤和血管钙化等具有保护效应，提示该类药物具有治疗CVDs的潜在价值。综述GHRH/GHRHR信号通路传导机制，内源性GHRH及GHRH-A对心肌细胞的保护效应以及在治疗CVDs中的作用及机制。

Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) is a neuropeptide hormone secreted by the hypothalamus, which regulates the secretion and synthesis of growth hormone by stimulating GHRH receptor (GHRHR) in the pituitary gland, promoting cell growth. Except in the pituitary gland, GHRHR is also expressed in many extrapituitary tissues, including myocardial tissue. Compared with endogenous GHRH, synthesized GHRH analogues (GHRH-A) exhibit stronger receptor affinity, longer half-life, and fewer side effects. It has been shown that GHRH-A can exert beneficial effects on various experimental cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as heart failure, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, and vascular calcification, suggesting that GHRH-As have potential for treating CADs. This article reviews the GHRH/GHRHR signaling pathway, the protective effects of endogenous GHRH and synthetic GHRH-As on myocardial cells, and their roles and underlying potential mechanisms in the treatment of CVDs.

R973

国家自然科学基金面上项目（82270434， 81970357）；辽宁省自然科学基金面上项目（2022-MS-246）