目的 基于差异表达基因分析与实验验证探讨大黄素治疗骨质疏松症的作用机制。方法 从基因表达综合数据库（GEO）中筛选骨质疏松症的芯片数据，经GEO2R软件处理获取差异基因（DEGs），结合文献分析选择11β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶1（11β-HSD1）作为核心基因进行研究；使用AutoDock软件分子对接模拟大黄素与11β-HSD1的结合活性；小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）分别使用DMEM/F12培养基（对照组）、成骨分化专用培养基（成骨诱导组）、含不同浓度（2.5、5.0、10.0 μmol·L^-1）大黄素的成骨分化专用培养基（大黄素组）进行培养，培养至14、21 d进行碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和茜素红染色观察判断成骨细胞分化成熟情况；培养至第7天时ELISA法检测细胞中ALP水平，实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）检测11β-HSD1与Runt相关转录因子2（Runx2） mRNA水平，Western blotting检测骨钙素（OCN）、骨桥蛋白（OPN）蛋白表达水平。结果 从GEO数据库中获得44个与脂肪/成骨细胞分化相关的DEGs，在脂肪细胞分化组中RASD1、HSD11B1（又称11β-HSD1）、RGS2等31个基因表达量显著上调； SHRM、EGR1、TNS3等13个基因表达量显著下调。分子对接显示大黄素与11β-HSD1具有较好的结合活性。ALP/茜素红染色观察发现10 μmol·L^-1的大黄素组成骨细胞分化较多，与对照组差异明显。与成骨诱导组相比，大黄素可显著下调11β-HSD1 mRNA水平（P＜0.01），显著上调ALP水平、Runx2 mRNA水平（P＜0.01、0.001）。Western blotting检测结果显示，与成骨诱导组相比，大黄素组OCN蛋白表达显著升高（P＜0.001），OPN蛋白表达呈升高趋势。结论 大黄素体外诱导小鼠BMSCs成骨细胞分化，可能通过抑制11β-HSD1表达，增加Runx2表达发挥作用。

Objective To explore the mechanism of emodin in the treatment of osteoporosis based on differential expression gene analysis and experimental verification. Methods Chip data related to osteoporosis was screened from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained through GEO2R software processing. Based on literature analysis, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) was selected as the core gene for research. Molecular docking simulation was conducted using AutoDock software to assess the binding activity of emodin with 11β-HSD1. Mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium (control group), osteogenic differentiation-specific medium (osteogenic induction group), and osteogenic differentiation-specific medium containing different concentrations (2.5, 5.0, 10.0 μmol·L^-1) of emodin (emodin group). At 14 and 21 days of culture, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining were performed to observe and determine the differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts. On the 7th day of culture, the ALP level in cells was detected by Elisa, and the mRNA levels of 11β-HSD1 and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). The protein expression levels of osteocalcin (OCN) and osteopontin (OPN) were detected by Western blotting. Results A total of 44 DEGs related to adipocyte/osteoblast differentiation were obtained from the GEO database. In the adipocyte differentiation group, the expression levels of 31 genes, including RASD1, HSD11B1 (also known as 11β-HSD1), and RGS2, were significantly upregulated; the expression levels of 13 genes, including SHRM, EGR1, and TNS3, were significantly downregulated. Molecular docking showed that emodin had good binding activity with 11β-HSD1. ALP/alizarin red staining revealed that the 10 μmol·L^-1 emodin group had more osteoblast differentiation, with significant differences from the control group. Compared with the osteogenic induction group, emodin significantly downregulated the mRNA level of 11β-HSD1 (P <0.01) and significantly upregulated the ALP level and Runx2 mRNA level (P <0.01, 0.001). Western blotting results showed that compared with the osteogenic induction group, the OCN protein expression in the emodin group was significantly increased (P <0.001), and the OPN protein expression showed an increasing trend. Conclusion Emoxanthine induces osteoblast differentiation of mouse BMSCs in vitro, which may exert its effect by inhibiting the expression of 11β-HSD1 and increasing the expression of Runx2.

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新疆维吾尔自治区自治区卫生健康青年医学科技人才专项（ WJWY-202332）；新疆医科大学第六附属医院自然科学基金资助项目（ LFYKYZX2023-7）；乌鲁木齐市中医药科技创新项目（ ZYYMS-38）