小檗碱通过多靶点机制改善多种病理因素诱导的认知功能障碍。小檗碱通过抑制胆碱酯酶活性、促进乙酰胆碱（Ach）生物合成和M-胆碱样作用，改善和提高胆碱能神经功能，以及通过抗氧化、抗炎、抑制β淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）和tau蛋白表达、tau蛋白过度磷酸化和对抗Aβ的神经损伤的脑神经保护机制，防治各种病理因子诱导的认知功能障碍。在基因突变、脑血管疾病、糖尿病脑病、化学物质及术后损伤等模型中，小檗碱显著改善学习记忆能力，降低海马神经元凋亡及炎症因子表达，并通过调节糖原合酶激酶-3β（GSK3β）、核因子E相关因子-2（Nrf2）、磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/蛋白激酶B（PI3K/akt）等信号通路发挥神经保护作用。建议临床医生应该为小檗碱防治认知功能障碍患者找出适宜的剂量范围，以利于临床推广应用。

Berberine ameliorates cognitive dysfunction induced by a variety of pathological factors through multi-target mechanisms. It has been shown to improve and enhance cholinergic neurological function through inhibition of cholinesterase activity, promotion of acetylcholine (Ach) biosynthesis and M-choline-like effects, as well as to prevent and control cognitive dysfunction induced by a wide range of pathological factors through cerebral neuroprotective mechanisms such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, inhibition of Aβ and tau protein expression, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, and counteracting the neurological damage of Aβ. In models of genetic mutation, cerebrovascular disease, diabetic encephalopathy, chemical substances and postoperative injury, berberine significantly improved learning and memory ability, reduced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory factor expression, and exerted neuroprotective effects by regulating GSK3β, Nrf2, PI3K/Akt and other signaling pathways. It is suggested that clinicians should find out the appropriate dosage range for berberine to prevent and treat patients with cognitive dysfunction, so as to facilitate the clinical promotion of its application.

R285.5