目的 研究多花黄精不同蒸制品GC-MS指纹图谱和色度值的差异。方法 采用GC-MS法建立黄精生品及不同蒸制次数蒸制品的指纹图谱，并用色差仪测定其色度值（L^*、a^*、b^*），结合主成分分析（PCA）、层次聚类分析（HCA）与最小偏二乘-判别分析（OPLS-DA）方法分析黄精生品和一蒸～九蒸蒸制品的差异。结果 与多花黄精生品相比较，二蒸～九蒸饮片粉末的总色差值Δ E^*＞12，颜色变化明显，由第4次蒸制开始粉末颜色趋于稳定；建立的指纹图谱中确定了17个共有峰，五蒸之后新出现3个共有峰；相关性分析（CA）表明，主要色谱峰的峰面积值与色度值有一定的关联，与a*值的关联较小，与L^*、b^*和E^*值关联较大；多元统计分析表明，多花黄精生品及不同次数蒸制品之间存在明显差异，PCA与HCA可将多花黄精生品及其不同次数蒸制品分为生品、一蒸～四蒸、五蒸～九蒸3类，OPLS-DA筛选出(＋)-柠檬烯、2,4-二叔丁基苯酚、2-乙基甲苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、正二十烷、4,6-二甲基十二烷、联三甲苯、3-乙基甲苯共9个差异性成分。结论 建立了GC-MS指纹图谱及色度值鉴别方法，为多花黄精质量控制及评价提供科学参考。

Objective To investigate the differences in GC-MS fingerprint and chromaticity values of different steamed products of Polygonatum cyrtonema. Methods GC-MS was used to establish fingerprints of raw and steamed P. cyrtonema samples with 2—9 steaming cycles. Chromaticity values (L^*, a^*, b^*) were measured using a colorimeter. Principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied to analyze differences between raw samples and steamed products (1—9 times). Results Compared with raw P. cyrtonema, total color difference ΔE^* of powder samples from 2—9 steamed batches exceeded 12, indicating significant color changes. Powder color stabilized starting from the fourth steaming. The established fingerprints identified 17 common peaks, with three new peaks emerging after five steamings. Correlation analysis (CA) revealed significant correlations between main chromatographic peak areas and chromaticity values, particularly L^*, b^* and E^*, but weaker correlation with a^*. Multivariate statistical analysis showed distinct differences among raw and steamed products. PCA and HCA classified samples into three groups: raw, 1—4 steamings, and 5—9 steamings. OPLS-DA identified nine differential components: (+)-dipentene, 2, 4-di-tert-butylphenol, 2-ethyltoluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, n-eicosane, 4, 6-dimethyl dodecane, 1, 2, 3-trimethylbenzene, and 3-ethyltoluene. Conclusion A GC-MS fingerprint combined with chromaticity value analysis was developed, providing a scientific reference for quality control and evaluation of P. cyrtonema.

R283.1

湖南省自然科学基金资助项目（2023JJ50445）;湖南省科技创新计划项目(2023NK4145);湖南省教育厅青年项目(22B0379);长沙市自然科学基金资助项目（ kq2208192）