目的 建立槐枝Sophora japonica HPLC指纹图谱和多成分含量测定方法，结合化学模式识别法对槐枝药材进行质量评价。方法 采用HPLC法，以甲醇∶乙腈（1∶ 1，A）-0.1%磷酸水溶液（B）为流动相梯度洗脱，柱温40℃，检测波长258 nm，体积流量1.2 mL·min^-1。建立15批槐枝药材的指纹图谱并分析相似度，测定其中6种成分（染料木苷、芦丁、芹菜苷、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、水仙苷、染料木素）的含量，结合聚类分析（HCA）、主成分分析（PCA）及正交偏最小二乘法分析（OPLS-DA）进行质量评价。结果 15批槐枝指纹图谱共标定12个共有峰，指认出染料木苷、芦丁、芹菜苷、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、水仙苷、染料木素6个成分，各批次相似度在0.780～0.996。建立6个成分HPLC含量测定方法，样品中染料木苷、芦丁、芹菜苷、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、水仙苷、染料木素质量分数分别为0.006～0.113、0.378～3.782、0.280～4.397、0.112～0.561、0.036～0.427、0.003～0.047 mg·g^-1。HCA结果将15批槐枝分为3类； PCA提取了3个主成分，3个主成分在反映不同批次槐枝样品共有成分关系中起主要作用。OPLS-DA结果表明，芹菜苷和芦丁为引起质量差异的标志性成分。结论 建立的槐枝HPLC指纹图谱及多成分含量测定方法操作简便，结果可靠，为槐枝的质量评价提供依据。

Objective To establish an HPLC fingerprint and a multi-component quantification method for Sophora japonica Linn., and to evaluate the quality of S. japonica medicinal materials using chemical pattern recognition methods. Methods The HPLC method was performed with the gradient elution of methanol-acetonitrile (1∶ 1, A)-0.1% aqueous phosphoric acid (B) as the mobile phase, the column temperature was 40 ℃, the detection wavelength was 258 nm, and the volume flow rate was 1.2 mL·min^-1. Fingerprints of 15 batches of S. japonica herbs were established and analysed for similarity, and the contents of six constituents (genistein, rutin, apigenin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, silymarin and genistein) were determined and combined with HCA, PCA and OPLS-DA for quality evaluation. Results The fingerprints of 15 batches of S. japonica were calibrated with 12 common peaks, recognising six components: genistein, rutin, apigenin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, silymarin and genistein, with the similarity of the batches in the range of 0.780～0.996. HPLC methods were established for the determination of the content of these six components, and contents of genistein, rutin, apigenin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, silymarin and genistein in the samples ranged from 0.006 to 0.113, from 0.378 to 3.782, from 0.280 to 4.397, from 0.112 to 0.561, from 0.036 to 0.427, from 0.003 to 0.047 mg·g^-1. The results of cluster analysis classified the 15 batches of acacia twigs into three categories; PCA extracted three principal components, indicating that the three principal components played a major role in reflecting the relationship between the common components of acacia twigs samples from different batches. The results of OPLS-DA indicated that apigenin and rutin were the signature components that caused the quality differences. Conclusion The established HPLC fingerprints of S. japonica and the method for the determination of multicomponent content were easy to operate and the results were reliable, which provided the basis for the quality evaluation of S. japonica.

R284.1

国家重点研发计划-中医药现代化专项（2023YFC3504101）;北京中医药大学纵向科研发展基金项目（ 2024-ZXFZJJ-JW-010）