导管相关性血栓为肾衰竭患儿接受静脉置管措施时常见、多发的并发症，导管相关性血栓不仅会造成导管部分或完全阻塞，影响肾脏血液供应，进而影响肾脏功能。另外导管相关性血栓还可能增加肺栓塞的发生风险，会延长患儿的住院时间，增加治疗费用，甚至会导致休克等严重安全事件发生。因此，需要明确肾衰竭患儿导管相关性血栓发生的危险因素，并给予合理的预防和治疗措施，以降低导管相关性血栓对患儿的影响。目前，对于肾衰竭患儿导管相关性血栓的药物治疗措施主要包括抗凝治疗、溶栓治疗等。对肾衰竭患儿导管相关性血栓的高发时间点、危险因素等进行分析，并总结导管相关性血栓治疗药物的种类及应用情况，以期为临床肾衰竭患儿导管相关性血栓的防治提供借鉴与参考。

Catheter-associated thrombosis is a common and frequent complication in children with renal failure undergoing intravenous catheterization. Catheter-associated thrombosis not only causes partial or complete obstruction of the catheter, but also affects the renal blood supply, which in turn affects renal function. In addition, catheter-associated thrombosis may also increase the risk of pulmonary embolism, which may prolong hospitalization, increase treatment costs, and even lead to serious safety events such as shock. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the risk factors of catheter-related thrombosis in children with renal failure, and give reasonable preventive and therapeutic measures to reduce the impact of catheter-related thrombosis on children. At present, the drug treatment measures for catheter-related thrombosis in children with renal failure mainly include anticoagulation therapy and thrombolytic therapy. This article analyzes the high incidence time point and risk factors of catheter-related thrombosis in children with renal failure, and summarizes the types and applications of catheter-related thrombosis treatment drugs, in order to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of catheter-related thrombosis in children with renal failure.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（22177083）;四川大学华西第二医院课题（HLBKJ202202;HLBKJ202203）