目的 探究麒麟丸治疗少弱精子症（AS）的作用机制。方法 SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、左卡尼汀（阳性药，100 mg∙kg⁻¹）和麒麟丸低、高剂量（0.5、1.5 mg∙kg⁻¹）组，除对照组外，其余4组ig给予雷公藤多苷35 mg∙kg⁻¹ 7 d诱导AS模型，从造模开始即给药，每天1次，共ig给药21 d。称量睾丸和附睾组织质量，计算大鼠生殖器官指数；通过精子参数检测系统检测各组动物的精子质量和精子形态；ELISA测定大鼠血清中性激素含量；HE染色观察给药后各组大鼠睾丸组织病理学改变，并统计生精细胞和间质细胞数量；通过免疫荧光染色检测大鼠睾丸组织中支持细胞数量；Western blotting和实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）法检测细胞色素P450家族19亚家族A成员1（CYP19A1）、细胞色素P450家族11亚家族A成员1（CYP11A1）和雌激素受体α（ESR1）的蛋白和基因表达水平。结果 与对照组相比，模型组精子质量和血清睾酮（T）、雌二醇（E₂）含量显著降低（P＜0.01），血清黄体生成素（LH）含量显著升高（P＜0.01），生殖器官指数和睾丸生精细胞、间质细胞和支持细胞数量显著降低（P＜0.01），睾丸组织性激素合成限速酶CYP11A1和CYP19A1、ESR1的基因和蛋白显著下调（P＜0.01）；与模型组相比，麒麟丸高剂量组精子质量和血清T、E₂含量显著增加（P＜0.01），血清LH含量显著降低（P＜0.01），生殖器官指数、睾丸生精细胞、间质细胞和支持细胞数量显著升高（P＜0.01），CYP11A1和CYP19A1、ESR1基因和蛋白显著上调（P＜0.01）。结论 麒麟丸可通过上调性激素合成限速酶CYP11A1和CYP19A1，上调体内性激素表达治疗AS。

Objective To explore the mechanism of Qilin Pills in the treatment of Asthenospermia (AS). Methods SD rats were randomly divided into a control group, a model group, levocarnitine (positive drug, 100 mg∙kg⁻¹), and low and high dose (0.5, 1.5 mg∙kg⁻¹) groups of Qilin Pills. Except for the control group, the other four groups were induced with tripterygium glycosides at a dose of 35 mg∙kg⁻¹ for 17 days, starting from the modeling stage and administered once a day for a total of 21 days. The reproductive organ index of rats was calculated by weighing testes and epididymis. The sperm quality and morphology of each group were detected by the sperm parameter detection system. The content of sex hormone in serum was determined by ELISA. The histopathological changes of testis were observed by H&E staining, and the number of spermatogenic cells and interstitial cells were counted. The number of sertoli cells in testicular tissue was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Western blotting and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to detect the protein and gene expression levels of cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1(CYP19A1), cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1(CYP11A1) and estrogen receptor α (ESR1). Results Compared with control group, the sperm quality and serum testosterone and estradiol contents of AS rats were significantly decreased (P < 0.01), the serum luteinizing hormone content was significantly increased (P < 0.01), and the number of reproductive organ index, testicular spermatogenic cells, interstitial cells and sertoli cells were significantly decreased (P < 0.01). The genes and proteins of the rate-limiting enzymes CYP11A1 and CYP19A1 and estrogen receptor ESR1 in testicular tissue were significantly down-regulated (P < 0.01). Compared with model group, the sperm quality and serum testosterone and estradiol contents in high dose of Qilin Pills group were significantly increased (P < 0.01), the serum luteinogen content was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and the number of reproductive organ index, testicular spermatogenic cells, interstitial cells and sertoli cells were significantly increased (P < 0.01). The genes and proteins of the ring-limiting enzymes CYP11A1 and CYP19A1 and estrogen receptor ESR1 in testicular tissue were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.01).Conclusion Qilin Pills can be used to treat asthenospermia by up-regulating sex hormone expression of the rate-limiting enzymes CYP11A1 and CYP19A1.

R285.5

江苏省高校青蓝工程优秀教学团队项目（2021年度）;国家卫生健康委计划生育药具不良反应监测中心开放课题（JSHD202323）