神经毒性是传统抗肿瘤药物常见的不良反应，包括中枢神经系统毒性和外周神经系统毒性，所引起的神经病变可导致患者依从性下降，影响预后，降低患者生活质量。近年来，靶向治疗、免疫治疗、代谢治疗、基因治疗等相关的多种新型抗肿瘤治疗产品不断获批上市，随之也出现了神经系统不良反应的报道，如细胞治疗产品引起的免疫效应细胞相关神经毒性综合征、基因治疗产品引起的病毒载体相关神经毒性。总结了抗肿瘤药物神经毒性评估的一般原则，对各类新型抗肿瘤药物的神经毒性临床表现、毒性机制和治疗措施进行综述，为抗肿瘤药物的神经毒性研究、临床及临床前安全性评价提供参考和依据。

Neurotoxicity is a common adverse reaction of traditional anti-tumor drugs, including central nervous system toxicity and peripheral nervous system toxicity, and the neuropathy caused by it can lead to a decrease patient compliance, affect prognosis, and reduce patients' quality of life. In recent years, a variety of new anti-tumor therapy products related to targeted therapy, immunotherapy, metabolic therapy, and gene therapy have been approved, followed by reports of adverse neurological reactions, such as immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome caused by cell therapy products and viral vector-associated neurotoxicity caused by gene therapy products. This paper summarizes the general principles for evaluating the neurotoxicity of antitumor drugs, and reviews the clinical manifestations, toxicity mechanisms, and therapeutic measures of neurotoxicity associated with various new anti-tumor drugs. It aims to provide providing a reference and basis for neurotoxicity research, clinical and preclinical safety evaluation of anti-tumor drugs.

国家重点研发计划（2024YFA1107302）