吴茱萸是中医古籍及现代药典中记载的传统中药材之一，有小毒，归肝、脾、胃、肾经，具有散寒止痛、降逆止呕、助阳止泻功效，临床应用广泛，但因其近年来引发的肝脏毒性而受到广泛关注。经研究发现不同基原的吴茱萸所含的肝毒性成分有所差别，其肝毒性主要由吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱和去氢吴茱萸碱等生物碱和挥发油引起，其肝毒性机制繁多而复杂，主要与过氧化损伤、炎症反应、线粒体损伤、细胞凋亡、胆汁淤滞、蛋白加合物的形成、细胞色素P450酶系代谢等机制异常有关，实际应用通过配伍和炮制达到增效减毒的效果。网络毒理学、高内涵筛选技术、定量构效关系（QSAR）毒性预测、多组学分析、类器官技术和人工智能（AI）等新技术的应用有助于深入理解吴茱萸致肝毒性的潜在毒性成分、机制和减毒原理，并为其临床安全使用提供科学依据。

Euodiae Fructus is one of traditional Chinese medicinal materials recorded in ancient Chinese medicine books and modern pharmacopoeia, with small poison, belonging to the liver, spleen, stomach and kidney meridians, with the effects of dissipating cold and relieving pain, reducing inversion and relieving nausea, helping yang and stopping diarrhea, and is widely used in clinical practice, but it has received extensive attention because of its liver toxicity caused in recent years. The hepatotoxicity is mainly caused by alkaloids and volatile oils such as evodiamine, evodiamine and dehydroevodiamine, and its hepatotoxicity mechanisms are numerous and complex, mainly related to peroxidative damage, inflammatory reaction, mitochondrial damage, apoptosis, cholestasis, protein adduct formation, cytochrome P450 enzyme metabolism and other abnormal mechanisms. The application of new technologies such as network toxicology, high-content screening technology, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) toxicity prediction, multi-omics analysis, organoid technology and artificial intelligence (AI) is helpful to deeply understand the potential toxic components, mechanisms and attenuation principles of Euodiae Fructus, and provide a scientific basis for its safe clinical use.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（82204760）