目的 分析鉴定龙脷叶Sauropus spatulifolius Beille 75%乙醇提取物化学成分及咳嗽大鼠体内入血成分和代谢原型成分。方法 通过UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS技术分析龙脷叶75%乙醇提取物化学成分；雄性SD大鼠36只，随机分为6组：对照组、模型组、枸橼酸喷托维林片（阳性药，10.521 mg·kg^-1）组和龙脷叶75%乙醇提取物高、中、低剂量（26.31、13.15、6.58 mg·kg^-1）组，每天1次，连续给药7 d，对照组和模型组均ig等量纯净水。在第6天给药后1 h和末次给药后1 h，应用辣椒素溶液建立大鼠咳嗽模型，根据药效实验结果，取对照组和提取物中剂量组的血清、对照组和高剂量组的粪便和尿液样本，利用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS技术鉴定入血成分及粪便和尿液中的代谢原型成分。结果 鉴定出龙脷叶75%乙醇提取物化学成分40个，以有机酸类为主，从血清样本分析出大黄素、芹菜素等19个入血原型成分，从粪便样本中分析出咖啡酸、异落叶松脂素等17个原型成分，尿液样本中发现咖啡酸、东莨菪亭等22个原型成分。结论 确定了龙脷叶75%乙醇提取物中的化学成分、入血原型成分以及在粪便和尿液中的代谢原型成分，推测黄酮类和有机酸类成分可能是龙脷叶发挥止咳作用的药效物质。

Objective To analyze and identify the chemical constituents of 75% ethanol extract of Sauropus spatulifolius leaves as well as constituents absorbed into blood and metabolites prototype components in cough rats. Methods UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technology was used to analyze the chemical constituents of 75% ethanol extract of Sauropus spatulifolius leaves. Totally 36 male SD rats were randomly divided into six groups: control group, model group, pentoverine citrate tablet (positive, 10.521 mg·kg^-1) group and 75 % ethanol extract of Sauropus spatulifolius leaves high, medium and low-dose (26.31, 13.15, 6.58 mg·kg^-1) groups, ig once a day for seven days, both the control and model groups received equal amounts of purified water. On the 6th day, 1 h after administration and 1 h after the last administration, the rat cough model was established with capsaicin solution. According to the results of the efficacy experiment, serum samples from the control group and extract medium dose group, stool and urine samples from the control group and high dose group were taken, and the metabolic prototype components in blood and stool and urine were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technique. Results A total of 40 chemical components were identified from the 75% ethanol extract of Sauropus spatulifolius leaves, mainly organic acids. A total of 19 constituents absorbed into blood were identified from serum samples, such as emodin and apigenin. A total of 17 metabolite prototype components were identified from fecal samples, such as caffeic acid and isolariciresinol. A total of 22 metabolite prototype components were identified in urine samples, such as caffeic acid and scopoletin. Conclusion The chemical composition, blood entering prototype components, and metabolic prototype components in feces and urine of the 75% ethanol extract of Sauropus spatulifolius leaves have been determined. It is speculated that flavonoids and organic acids may be the pharmacological substances of Sauropus spatulifolius leaves in relieving cough.

R284.1

国家自然科学基金资助项目（81460601）、广西壮瑶药重点实验室（桂科基字[2014]32号）、壮瑶药协同创新中心（桂教科研[2013]20号）；广西高等学校千名中青年骨干教师教育计划项目（桂教教师〔2022〕 60号）；广西壮族自治区民族药资源与应用工程研究中心（桂发改高技函[2020]2605号）、广西科技基地和人才专项（桂科AD21238031）、广西重点研发计划项目（桂科AB21196016）、广西中医药重点学科壮药学（GZXK-Z-20-64）、广西一流学科中药学（民族药学）（桂教科研[2018]12号）；国家中医药管理局高水平中医药重点学科（壮药学）建设项目（国中医药人教函〔2022〕226号）；广西中医药大学“桂派杏林青年英才”培养项目（2022C032）