超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）是广泛存在于生物体内的主要生物酶类之一，能够有效清除活性氧（ROS），对维持机体氧化抗氧化平衡起到至关重要的作用。近年来，随着对SOD的深入研究，发现其活性表达与恶性肿瘤的发生、发展及防治有十分密切的联系。现代药理研究发现，药物调控SOD的表达能够影响肿瘤细胞的增殖、转移以及侵袭，还能够促进肿瘤的死亡。SOD在不同肿瘤中表现出差异化表达，在前列腺癌、肺癌、宫颈癌、鼻咽癌中SOD的表达升高，通过SOD抑制剂抑制这些肿瘤中SOD的表达，能够促进癌细胞的凋亡，抑制肿瘤生长；而在胃癌中发现SOD的活性降低，采用SOD模拟物增加胃癌中SOD的活性，能够诱导胃癌细胞的凋亡；在结直肠癌和鼻咽癌中发现了SOD的高表达，采用药物下调结直肠癌和鼻咽癌中SOD的表达能促进结直肠癌和鼻咽癌细胞的凋亡，其中下调结直肠癌中SOD表达还能够抑制癌细胞的转移和侵袭。药物可以通过调控SOD表达发挥抗肿瘤作用，而这主要与SOD清除ROS的作用有关。梳理药物调控SOD的表达抗肿瘤药理作用以及临床研究现状，以期为开发新型抗肿瘤药物及辅助治疗手段提供参考。

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is one of the major biological enzymes widely present in living organisms, which can effectively scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and plays a crucial role in maintaining the oxidative and antioxidant balance of the body. In recent years, with the in-depth study of SOD, it is found that the expression of its activity has a very close relationship with the occurrence, development and prevention of malignant tumors. Modern pharmacological studies have found that pharmacological modulation of SOD expression can affect the proliferation, metastasis and invasion of tumor cells, and also promote tumor death. SOD shows differential expression in different tumors, and SOD expression is elevated in prostate, lung, cervical, and nasopharyngeal cancers, and inhibition of SOD expression in these tumors by SOD inhibitors can promote apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth. While in gastric cancers, the inhibitor can promote apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth. In gastric cancers, the activity of SOD was found to be decreased, and the use of SOD mimics to induce apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. In colorectal and nasopharyngeal cancers, the high expression of SOD was found, and the use of drugs to down-regulate the expression of SOD was able to promote the apoptosis of colorectal and nasopharyngeal cancers, in which down-regulation of the expression of SOD in colorectal cancers was also able to inhibit the metastasis and invasion of cancer cells. Drugs can exert antitumor effects by regulating SOD expression, which is mainly related to the role of SOD in scavenging ROS. The antitumor pharmacological effects of drugs modulating SOD expression and the current status of clinical research were sorted out, with a view to providing reference for the development of novel antitumor drugs and adjuvant therapeutic means.

R979.1

黑龙江应用技术研究与开发计划项目（GA19C107）