非洲爪蟾Xenopus laevis作为一种经典的模式生物，在疾病模型的建立、药物筛选、药理学机制研究等领域都发挥着重要的作用，这主要得益于其独特的生物学特征。非洲爪蟾在药物研究中的应用优势主要表现在遗传相似性、解剖学和生理学相似性、胚胎透明易观察、基因编辑的可行性。非洲爪蟾中常用的药物筛选方法包括基于表型的药物筛选、无细胞筛选系统和卵母细胞筛选系统等。目前非洲爪蟾在神经系统疾病治疗药物、抗肿瘤药物、代谢性疾病治疗药物、罕见病治疗药物的筛选及药物安全性评价、药物代谢和药效评价中的应用均取得一定进展。综述非洲爪蟾作为模式生物的优势及其在药物研究中的应用实例，同时也探讨其发展中面临的挑战以及应用前景，以期为药物的筛选和评价选择更高效的模式生物提供参考。

As a classical model organism, Xenopus laevis plays an important role in the establishment of disease models, drug screening, and pharmacological mechanism research, mainly due to its unique biological characteristics. The advantages of the application of X. laevis in drug research are mainly in genetic similarity, anatomical and physiological similarity, embryonic transparency and easy observation, and the feasibility of gene editing. Commonly used drug screening methods in X. laevis include phenotype-based drug screening, cell-free screening system and oocyte screening system. Currently, X. laevis has made some progress in the screening of therapeutic drugs for neurological diseases, anti-tumor drugs, metabolic diseases, and rare diseases, as well as in the evaluation of drug safety, drug metabolism, and pharmacodynamic evaluation. We summarize the advantages of X. laevis as a model organism and its applications in drug research, and also discuss the challenges in its development and application prospects, with a view to selecting more efficient model organisms for drug screening and evaluation.

国家自然科学基金资助项目(82003846);中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程重大协同创新项目资助(2021-I2M-1-042)