肺癌是世界范围内最常见的呼吸道恶性肿瘤，因其较高的发病率和致死率，已严重危害人类的身心健康。中医药在抗肺癌综合治疗方面应用历史悠久，优势突出，疗效良好，而中药活性成分大多具有良好的抗肺癌作用。研究发现，一些中药活性成分可以通过靶向肺癌信号通路，调节肺癌肿瘤免疫微环境中巨噬细胞、自然杀伤细胞、髓系抑制细胞、T细胞、调节性T细胞以及树突状细胞等免疫细胞，改善肺癌肿瘤免疫微环境，提高免疫细胞的功能和活性，增强机体免疫功能，逆转机体免疫抑制状态，从而发挥抗肺癌治疗的作用。通过收集近年来国内外中药活性成分（淫羊藿多糖、丹参酮Ⅰ、黄芪甲苷、牡荆素、人参皂苷、薯蓣皂苷、姜黄素、丹参酮Ⅱ_A、大黄素、黄芪多糖、红景天苷、灵芝多糖、白藜芦醇等）在抗肺癌治疗中的相关研究报道，从中药活性成分调节免疫细胞及其抗肺癌作用具体机制方面进行论述，以期为相关新型临床抗肺癌药物的研发提供新的理论依据。

Lung cancer is the most common malignancy of respiratory tract in the world. Due to its high morbidity and mortality, it has seriously harmed human physical and mental health. Chinese materia medica has a long history in the comprehensive treatment of anti-lung cancer, with outstanding advantages and good curative effect, and most of the active ingredients of Chinese materia medica have good anti-lung cancer effects. Studies have found that some active ingredients of Chinese medicine can regulate immune cells such as macrophages, natural killer cells, myelocyte suppressor cells, T cells, regulatory T cells and dendritic cells in the immune microenvironment of lung cancer by targeting lung cancer signaling pathway, improve the immune microenvironment of lung cancer tumor, improve the function and activity of immune cells, and enhance the immune function of the body. Reverse the immune suppression of the body, so as to play the role of anti-lung cancer treatment. In this paper, through collecting the relevant literatures of Chinese materia medica active ingredients (epimedium polysaccharide, tanshinone Ⅰ, astragaloside IV, mongoin, ginsenoside, diosgenin, curcumin, tanshinone Ⅱ_A, rhododendron, astragalus polysaccharide, astragalus polysaccharide, Rhodiola rosea glycosides, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, resveratrol, et al) in anti-lung cancer treatment at home and abroad in recent years, the regulation of immune cells by Chinese materia medica active ingredients and the specific mechanism of their anti-lung cancer effects were discussed, in order to provide a new theoretical basis for the research and development of related new clinical anti-lung cancer drugs.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（82204981）;河南省特色骨干学科中医学学科建设项目（STG-ZYX06-202145）;河南省中医药科学研究专项课题（2021JDZX2002）;河南省中医院博士科研基金项目（2022BSJJ07）;河南省中医院博士科研基金项目（2023BSJJ02）;河南省中医药科学研究专项课题（20-21ZY2115）;河南中医药大学2022年度研究生科研创新能力提升计划项目（2022KYCX057）;河南中医药大学2023年度研究生科研创新能力提升计划项目（2023KYCX043）;河南中医药大学2023年度研究生科研创新能力提升计划项目（2023KYCX051）