白头翁是毛茛科白头翁属植物白头翁 Pulsatilla chinensis的干燥根，是常用的传统中药，始载于《神农本草经》，气味微苦涩，具有清热解毒之功效。白头翁提取物及有效部位对肺癌、肠癌、肝癌、胃癌、卵巢癌、白血病、黑色素瘤等均表现出明显的抗肿瘤作用，可显著抑制肿瘤细胞的生长及转移，其抗肿瘤的主要有效部位为白头翁皂苷。白头翁皂苷及提取物对动脉粥样硬化、心肌炎、高血压等心血管疾病，慢性阻塞性肺疾病和哮喘等呼吸系统疾病，银屑病、系统性红斑狼疮、类风湿性关节炎等自身免疫性疾病，阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病等神经系统疾病具有保护作用。白头翁提取物及有效部位的其他作用还有抗衰老、抗菌、抗病毒、降血糖等。综述了白头翁提取物及有效部位的药理作用及研究现状，以期为白头翁的进一步研究及新药研发提供理论基础。

Pulsatillae Radix, the dried root of Pulsatilla chinensis, a plant belonging to the Ranunculaceae family, is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. It was first recorded in the "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing". It has a slight odor and a slightly bitter taste, with the efficacy of clearing heat and detoxification. Pulsatillae Radix extract and its active components have shown significant anti-tumor effects on various types of cancer including lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, leukemia, melanoma, etc. It can significantly inhibit the growth and metastasis of tumor cells, with the main active component in its anti-tumor effect being Pulsatilla Radix saponin. Pulsatilla Radix saponins and extracts also have protective effects on cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, myocarditis, hypertension, respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, etc. Other effects of Pulsatilla Radix extracts and active components include anti-aging, antibacterial, antiviral, and hypoglycemic effects. This review summarizes the pharmacological effects and research status of Pulsatillae Radix extracts and active components, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for further research and new drug development of Pulsatillae Radix.

R285.5

高纯度白头翁皂苷创制技术研发及产业化项目（桂科AA19254024）；广西科技基地和人才专项（GUIKEAA23026010）