缺血性脑卒中（CIS）因其高致残率、高病死率和高复发率，严重影响患者生活质量。研究发现中药单体可通过多种信号通路防治 CIS，如姜黄素、青蒿琥酯、黄芩苷、丹酚酸 D、柴胡皂苷 A、小檗碱、黄藤素、异钩藤碱、雷公藤甲素、黄芪甲苷、红景天苷、人参皂苷 Rg₁、蒲公英甾醇、芍药苷等中药单体可以通过调控核因子 κB（NF-κB）、高迁移率族蛋白 B1（HMGB1）、单磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶（AMPK）、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）、磷脂酰肌醇 3-激酶/蛋白激酶 B（PI3K/Akt）、核转录因子红系 2 相关因子 2（Nrf2）等信号通路防治 CIS。对中药单体对以上 6 条信号通路影响的相关机制进行综述，以期为 CIS 防治的深入研究提供新思路与新方向，同时为临床上运用中药防治 CIS 提供理论依据与参考。

Cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS) seriously affects the quality of life of patients due to its high disability rate, high mortality rate and high recurrence rate. Studies have found that traditional Chinese medicine monomer components can prevent and treat CIS through a variety of signaling pathways, such as curcumin, artesunate, baicalin, salvianolic acid D, saikosaponin A, berberine, palmatine, isorhynchophylline, triptolide, astragaloside IV, salidroside, ginsenoside Rg₁, dandelionol, peony glycoside and other traditional Chinese medicine monomers can regulate signaling pathway such as nuclear factor κB (NF- κB), high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), and nuclear transcription factor red lineage 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The mechanisms related to the effects of monomers from traditional Chinese medicine on the above six signaling pathways were reviewed, in order to provide new ideas and directions for the in-depth study of the prevention and treatment of CIS, and to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine in prevention and treatment of CIS.

河南省中医药科学研究专项课题（2022ZY1065）；河南省重点研发与推广专项（科技攻关）（202102311139）；河南省中医药科学研究专项课题（2021ZY2208）