流行性感冒是儿童常见急性呼吸道疾病，尤其2岁以下的婴幼儿，是并发症和住院风险最高的人群。玛巴洛沙韦是首个Cap-依赖型核酸内切酶的抑制剂，通过抑制mRNA合成的启动来阻断流感病毒的复制，日本已批准其应用于治疗年龄≥12岁的流感患者。综述玛巴洛沙韦抑制儿童流感病毒的药理作用（抗流感病毒聚合酶酸性蛋白、广谱抗病毒）及临床研究（缩短流感发热时间、缓解流感症状、缩短幼儿甲型流感症状缓解时间）以期为该药的合理应用提供依据。

Influenza is a common acute respiratory illness in children, especially infants and young children under two years of age, who are at the highest risk of complications and hospitalization. Baloxavir marboxil (BXM), the first cap-dependent inhibitor of nucleic acid endonuclease that blocks influenza virus replication by inhibiting the initiation of mRNA synthesis, has been approved for influenza in Japan and is mainly used for the treatment of patients ≥12 years of age with acute uncomplicated influenza. The pharmacological effects (anti-influenza virus polymerase acidic protein, broad-spectrum antiviral) and clinical studies (shortening the duration of influenza fever, relieving influenza symptoms, and shortening the duration of symptomatic relief of influenza A in young children) of BXM in inhibiting influenza viruses in children are summarized in an attempt to provide a basis for the rational application of this drug.

天津市科技计划项目（20JCZXJC00170，21JCYBJC00430）；天津市医学重点学科（专科）建设项目资助（TJYXZDXK-040A）